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The Middle English Seven Sages of Rome

This boke ys callyd the Seven Sages of Rome

[Prologue]

fol. 3rHerkenythe lordynges curteys and hendeHear lords courteous noble Howe thys gentylle geste shalle ende. noble poem Sum tyme there was an emperoureOnce That ladde hys lyfe with moche honowre;splendor lineE5Hys name was Dioclician, And was a wonder riche man,[he] was an extraordinarily And was emperoure of Rome, A nobylle man and a wyse of dome.a [man] wise of judgment He hadde a emporas to wyfe,an empress as a wife lineE10Men wyste non fayrer on lyve.People knew alive A sone they hadde hym bytwyne,son between them Noo fayrer chylde ne myght bene.There might be no fairer child But soone aftyr thenne The emporas dyde and went henne. died hence lineE15The chylde wax to seven yere olde, grew Wyse of speche ande dedys bolde,bold [in] deeds Florentyne hys name was. Herkenythe nowe a wonder cas!Hear extraordinary thing Hys fadyr was olde and ganne to hoore,grow gray-haired lineE20His sone thoo he sette to lore,son then put to learning And lette byfore hym com sone The seven sagys that were yn Rome. To hem he thought his sone takethem intended son to entrust Forto knowe the letters blacke, i.e., in order to learn to read lineE25For they were wysyst men leryde[the] wisest men of learning That were amonge alle mydylerthe.in all the earth The emperoure sayde anonright away To the maysterys everychone:masters every one “Whiche of you wille take my soneson lineE30To teche hym wysdome as ye cone?”can

Bancillas thoo spake byfore,then first The eldyste man with lockys hoore,gray And sayde: “Certys, take me thy sone,Certainly entrust to And moche thonke I wylle thee cone, lineE35And I wylle teche thee alle the lawys[him] for you fol. 3vThat I canne and my felowys.I and my fellows know That dar I, syre, take yn hondedare take in hand (undertake) In seven yere, I understonde.”

Sone in a while aftyr thatThen lineE40A mayster spake of sympylle state,bearing Nothyr the moste, nothyr the leste,Neither greatest nor the least But as hym semyd aldyr beste.it seemed to him the best of all Anxulles was hys ryght name, A better clerke was non of fame.No clerk had a better reputation lineE45“Syr,” he sayde to the emperoure, “Take me thy sone, peramoure,Entrust to if it please you And as y am a trewe man, I shalle teche hym that I canne,what know And that my felowys canne alleso,what also lineE50In sex yere withowtyn anny moo.”six years and no longer

The thridde mayster was a lyght manthird slight With lovesum lere as whytte as swanne. beautiful cheeks Hys here was cryspe and noo thyng rous,hair curly not at all red His name was callyd Lentyllous. lineE55He sayde anon to the kyng:right away “Take sone thyne into my kepyngEntrust your son And I wylle swere thee an othe:oath That I can and my felowys bothe Uppon payne of lemys and lyfe, lineE60I shalle teche hym in yerys five.”

The fourth mayster a red man was,ruddy man Men hym callyd Malquydras. He was but of fiften yere olde, He was a wysse man and a bolde.wise lineE65“Syr,” he sayde, “nowe herkenythe unto me,listen My felowys wyt ys nott in me,intelligence Nothyr of hyr wyt in noo wyse I wylle not make noo marchantyse. But take me thy sone, syr emperoure,entrust to lineE70And I shalle hym teche in yerys fouryears fol. 4rAl that I canne of clergye,All the learning that I know Of mone and sterre and of the skye.”About [the] moon stars

The fifte mayster was wyse of dome,judgment Hys name was callyd Catonne of Rome.Cato lineE75He made Catonne, iwys,the Distichs certainly That many a chylde of-leryde ys.From which many a child is taught And “syr,” he sayde unto the kynge, “Take thy sone unto my techynge.Entrust I wylle that he be nought betaughte.given away lineE80Thy sonys wyt ne knowe I noughte,intelligence I do not know Nothyr of hys age, nothyr of hys blode,Neither nor But, syr, I shalle teche hym goode,well Also moche thoroughe Goddys sondeAs much by God’s dispensation As he may welle understonde lineE85And as hys wit wylle hym helpe —intelligence Othyrwyse wylle I not yelpe —Of nothing else will I boast So that by the ende of seven yere No chylde noowhere shalle be hys pere.”peer

The sexte mayster spake thoo anon,sixth then right away lineE90The fayryste man of everychon.of all Gesse was hys name hote,called A comely man fro toppe to foote.handsome “Syr,” he sayde to the kynge, “Take me thy sone so yonge.Entrust to lineE95I shalle teche hym in yerys thre Al that I canne whythe herte free,with a glad heart And so ye shulle, syr, for hys lore bolde,his great learning Evyrmore to me beholde.”Always be beholden to me

The sevende mayster hette Maxious,seventh was called lineE100A ryght wyse man and a vertuous. Al his lyf with moche honowre He hadde servyde the emperoure. “Syr,” he sayde, “in alle wyse,ways fol. 85raFor the mede of mi servise, As a reward for lineA121Tac me thi sone to loke and lore — Of mi servise kep I nammore — And I thee wille thonke conne,will be grateful to you for it And al the clergie under sonneall the learning under the sun line125Ich wille into his bodi dight,I put Bothe bi dai and bi night.”

Dioclician the maistres herde,masters He strok his berd and schok his yerde,stroked shook scepter And on hem made milde chere,made a mild expression line130And spak that hi alle mighte ihere:they hear “Thonke I you kan, gode lordingges,I am grateful to you lords Of youre gentil answerungges.For courteous replies I kan you thonke of youre speche,I am grateful for That ye desire mi sone to teche.[in which you say] That line135Youre compaignie is fair and gent,pleasant Nel ich hit departe, verraiment.” He tok his sone bi the hond anonright away And bitaughte him to hem everichon.entrusted them all Thai underfengen him with cher blithereceived happily line140And thonged him a thousand sithe.thanked (the emperor) times The seven wise with gret glorie That child ladde to consistorie,the senate chamber That is a stede withinne Romeplace Ther men maketh wise dome.Where judgments line145This seven wise men in bokeThese men wise in book-learning Here conseil there togider toke That he scholde nowt in Rome bilave,remain For burgeis, maiden, other knaveburgess commoner Mighte him in som riot sette, set him on the wrong track line150That al his lore he scholde lette.So that learning lose Ther thai toke togideres alleThere decided together Thai wolde make a riche halle Withouten Rome in on vergerOutside in an orchard A mile thennes bi o river —from there by a river line155Tiber hit hatte withouten dout —it was called doubt A mile long al about. Alle tres therinne weretrees That ani frut an erthe bere.fruit on earth bear Amideward thai founden a space,In the middle line160An evene and a grene place. Therinne thai set an halle anonput Bothe of lim and of ston.mortar Quaire hit was with chaumbres sevene,Square-shaped it seven rooms fol.85rbWas non fairer into hevene.even in heaven line165The halle was a midewerd,in the middle The fairest of this midelerd.on this earth Therinne was paint of Donet thre pars, three parts of Donet And eke alle the seven ars.also arts The firste so was grammarie,grammar line170Musike and astronomie,[then] Music Geometrie and ars metrike, arithmetic Rettorike and ek fisike. Rhetoric also medicine The segh was in the hallethrone The ars to bihelden alle.arts line175Whan o maister him let another him tok.one left He was ever upon his bok,at his books And to his lore tok gret kepe,of his learning care But whan he ete other he slepe.Except or The ferthe yer, hit was no dout,fourth year, it doubt line180With his maister he gan to despout. dispute The fifte yer he gan argumentmake arguments Of the sterre and of the firmament. About the stars heavens Thei wolde prove in the sexte yertest sixth year Yif he ware wis and wer. If prudent line185Leves thai tok sexteneLeaves sixteen Of ivy that were grene. Under ech stapel of his bedleg That he niste four thai hid.Without him knowing The child yede to bedde anightwent at night line190And ros arliche amorewen, aplight.early the next day, in faith Hise maistres him bifore stode,stood before him Open hefd, withouten hode.Heads uncovered The child lokede here and tar,there Up and doun and everi whar. line195Hise maistres askede wat him was.what was wrong “Par fai,” he seide, “a ferli cas.By faith wonderful thing Other ich am of wine dronke,Either I Other the firmament is isonke,Or sky has sunk Other wexen is the groundeOr has grown line200The thiknes of four leves rounde. So muche tonight heyer I lai,higher Certes, thanne yisterdai.”Certainly The maistres tho wel understodethen He coude inow of alle gode.enough line205The sevende yer so tok he on,seventh year undertook He passede his maistres everichon.[that] He surpassed every one Togider thai made gret solas,rejoiced greatly fol. 85vaAc sone hem fil a ferli cas.

Dioclician that was in Rome, line210A riche man and wis of dome,judgment Hise barons comen to him on a dai,came one day And: “Sire, par nostre fai,And [said] Lord, by our faith Ye libbeth an a lenge lif.You are living a long life Ye scholde take a gentil wifnoble line215That you might som solas doto you happiness And bigeten children mo.beget more Inow ye habben of werldes wonEnough earthly possessions To make hem riche everichon.” them every one Themperour was wel ipaiedThe emperor pleased line220With that the barons had seid. what Sone he let him purvaiImmediately had procured An emperice of gret noblai.nobility He went himself and sent his sondenvoys Widewhar into fele londFar and wide many lands line225Fort that thai ani foundeSo that they might find A dammeisele of gret mounde.damsel (young woman) nobility Thai brouwte here tofore themperour.her before the emperor He segh sche was of feir colour;saw complexion He wot sche was of hegh parage.knew high rank line230Anon thai asked the mariage.requested Thai weren iwedded bi commun dometo general approval Anon in the gise of Rome,manner And lovede hem thourg alle thing. each other by all means Herkneth nou a selli tiding!Hear now about a sorry event line235Thing ihid ne thing istole Ne mai nowt longe be forhole. Ne thing mai forhole be But Godes owen priveté. Som squier or som serjant nicesquire foolish servant line240Had itold thempericetold the empress Al of themperoures sone,All about the emperor’s Hou he with the maistres wone. How lived And hire schildre scolde be bastards,her children should be And he schal have al the wardes line245Under hest and under hond Of thempire and al the lond. Than couthe sche bothe qued and god And sone sche gan to pekke mod,immediately become incensed And thoughte, so stepmoder doth,plotted, as a stepmother does line250Into falsenesse to torne soth,To turn truth into falseness And brew swich a beverage[to] brew such fol. 85vbThat scholde Florentin bicache.trap Ac mani weneth other to herteBut think they are harming others And on hemselve falleth al the smerte. themselves pain

line255Themperour and his wif, That he lovede als his lif,as much as In chaumbre togidere thai sete.their private quarters sat Gladliche thai dronke and ete. “Sire,” she saide, “gentil emperour,noble line260I thee love with fin amoura perfect love And thou nowt me, sikerli. to be sure Sire, ihc wil telle thee whi.I Seve yer hit is that thou me nomeSeven years it since took And made me emperice of Rome, line265Thi make at bord and at bedde,mate table And o thing thou hast fram me hedde: one hidden Thou hast a sone to scole itaught.put to school Lat me him se; warn me him naught. Hit is thi sone and thin air,your heir line270A wis child and a fair. Thi most time thou hast ben kyng, Thou drawest fast to thin ending. Fond we, sire, in joie libbe,Let us try to live And have joie of oure sibbe.family line275For thi sone I tel minecount as Alse wel als tou dost thine.you Paraventure hit mai falle soBy chance befall That never eft ne tit us mo.again another comes to us Yif thou me lovest ani wight,If even a bit line280Let me of him han a sight.” have “Certes, dame,” seide themperour,Certainly “Hit ne schal nowt be long sojour.a long wait Tomorewe ar undertide of daibefore midday Thou schalt him sen, par ma fai.”see, by my faith line285And sche seide with chere blithe:a happy expression “Graunt merci, sire, a thousend sithe.”Many thanks times

Amorewe themperour gan riseThe next day got up And clothed him in riche gise.himself in a rich fashion Messagers he clepede toMessengers summoned line290And quik thai com toforn him bo.came before him both He scharged hem with his messagecharged them And bad hem grete the seven sage. them sages “And seieth hem, with wordes bonair,instruct them courteous Mi sone that thai atire fair,to dress my son finely line295And brenge him hom in faire manere,bring fine fol. 86raFor ich wil quik of him here,I at once hear Hou he had sped this seve yer.How fared these seven years Me thinketh longe that ner er.” The messagers anon forht sprong —hurried forth line300I not bi waie yif thai song — Til thai come to that innecame place Ther the maistres woned inne.Where lived And as we finden writen in bok, Aither other be the hond tok,Each took the other in hand line305And in thai wente right evene,immediately And founde the maistres alle sevene Disputend in hire LatynDisputing their With that child Florentyn. The messagers on knes hem setteknelt line310And the seven wise thai grettegreeted In themperours bihelve,On behalf And the child be himselve,in particular [they greeted] And seide that emperour het[the] emperor commanded His sone that thai bringge him sket line315To Rome toun to his presens. “Your travail and youre despenswork expenses He wil aquite for ech a yer,repay each year After that yhe worthi wer.”According to your merit The messagers were welcome,made welcome line320And bi the hond quik ynome,hand taken And at the mete tales hem telde,at table [they] told them What the sonne gan to helde.Which observed Hout wente the maistres seveneOut And bihelden up toward hevene.looked line325Thai seghe the constillacioun;saw constellations The wisest in that so was Katoun.in that [art] Cato He gan to loke in the monemoon And seide that him thoughte sone.what he was thinking “Lordinges,” he saide, “for Godes sond,Lords for God’s message line330To mi telling understond.pay attention Themperour to ous had sentus To brenge him his sone gent.noble Yif we him bring biforn our lord,If before He sterveth ate ferste wordwill die the first line335That he schal in court speke.at court Thanne he wil of ous be wreke,take vengeance on us To drawe ous other to hongi sone. This I se wel in the mone.” see moon The other saide withouten othothers assuredly fol. 86rbThat Catoun hem saide soht.told them the truth

line341Schild Florentin was lered in bokeChild taught in book learning And in a ster he gan to lokestar looked Whiche that sat next the mone,next to And saide that him thoughte sone —what he was thinking line345That he wist thourgh alle thingknew completely Of that sterre the toknyng.star meaning Thanne saide the maistres to Florentin: “What sextou, leve child, tharin?”do you see, dear He seide: “Maister, I schal wel liven.Masters live line350Yif I mai this daies sevenIf for the next seven days Kepe me fram answering,Refrain I mai live to god ending,good And savve me to warisoun,save myself as a reward And you fram destruccioun.” line355The maistres han wel devisedetermined The childes tale was god and wise.claim good Than seide maister Bancillas: “Her is now a ferli cas.Here wonderful thing Counseil we al her uponLet us all take counsel upon it line360Hou that we mai best don.”How do Than saide the schild: “saunz fail,child without fail Ich you right wil counseil.I correctly This seven daies I nel nowt speke, These will not Nowt o word of mi mowht breke.Not one from my mouth utter line365And ye beth maistres gode and wise,are In al this werld of mest prise.most renown Litel ye conne, par ma fai,know [it], by my faith But echon of yo mai save me a dai.each one of you [for] a day The aighteden dai ich me selve,eighth I myself [will save] line370So the ax pelt in the helve That schal hewe the wai atwo That had wrout me this wo.” Than saide maister Bancillas: “So God me helpe and Seint Nicholas, line375I schal thee waranti o dai.”guarantee “And I,” quath Catoun, “par ma fai,said Cato, by my faith Schal thee warant another also.” Alle the maistres speken tho;then Thai wald with wit and resounwould intelligence line380Save the child fram destruccioun, Fram schame and fram vilani. “Maistres,” he saide, “graunt merci. many thanks Certes, hit bihoveth so,Certainly will be necessary fol. 86vaFor I sschal tholi mochel wo,suffer much woe line385Gret despit and strong turment,malice harsh But ye be queinte of argument.”Unless clever With this word thai ben alle Departed and comen to halle,came And maked at ese the messagersentertained line390With god semblant and glade chers.courteousness glad countenances And whan hit com to time of night,came To riche bed thai were idight,beds directed And Florentin the schild alsochild To his bed he gan to go,went line395And thought al night her and tar,[he] thought here and there Hou that he might be wis and warHow prudent To overcome the emperice, That he nere nowt iholden nice.

[Day 1]

The night passeth, the dai comen is, line400The seven maistres arisen, iwis.assuredly The maistres and the messagers Habbeth greithed here destrers prepared their riding horses And that schild wel fair idight,kitted out finely And went hem forht anonright.they went forth right away line405Thai dede hem out of that gardinwent That is icleped the bois of Seint Martin called forest And here way toke to Rome.took their way The maistres here wai agen nome. took their way [home] again Tiding had themperourNews line410His sone com with gret honur.had come splendor Anon he let a stede dighthad a horse prepared And rod him agen with mani a knight. rode towards him Whan he him segh than was he blithesaw glad And kest him wel mani a sithe.kissed a great many times line415Knight and erl and mani baroun Kiste the emperours sounson And ladde him with gret noblaispomp To themperour palais. the emperor’s palace The emperice him wil honur, line420Do him sende into hire bour.[and] Has him sent chambers Scho ladde fram bour to bourShe led [him] from room to room And dede here mene make retour.dismissed her attendants She sschette the dore and set him on benche.shut sat Wil ye nou ihere of wommannes wrenche? now hear deception line425The emperice was queinte indede,clever And in hire wrenche and in hire falshede.both in and in her deceitfulness She and the schild alone wer than; fol. 86vbWas with hem non other man.[there] Was with them no one else Be his side she set hire fast,sat herself close line430On him sche gan her egghen kast,eyes And saide: “Mi leve suete grom,dear sweet boy Swithe welcome be thou hom.Very at home I have icast to thee mi loveset on you Of al worhtlich thing above.above all worthy things line435Thi louerd the emperour is old;lord Of kinde, of bodi he is cold.temperament I swere, bi sonne and bi mone, With me ne hadde he never to done.He never had to do with me But for ich herde telle of thi pris,because renown line440That thou were hende, gentil, and wis,noble, courteous For to have with thee acord,To be allied with you Ich am iwedded to thi lord. Kes me, lemman, and love me,Kiss lover And I thi soget wil ibe,subject be line445So God me helpe, for He hit wot:knows To thee ich have ikept mi maidenhod.” For you Sche kest here armes aboute his swere,threw neck Ac he made lourand chereBut scowled And drowgh awai with al his might;drew line450He wold his lord don non unright.do no wrong Whan the emperice that understod, Al achaunged was hire blod,changed her blood (attitude) And saide to him: “Sweting fre[she] said Kind darling Whi nel tou nowt speke with me?”will you not line455For no thing that sche mightte do O word nolde he speken her to.He would not speak one word

Than the emperice wex wroth.grew angry Sche tar hire her and ek here cloth,tore her hair also her clothing Here kirtel, here pilche of ermine.Her cloak pelisse line460Here keuerchefs of silk, here smok o line,headdress shift of linen Al togidere with bothe fest,Completely fists Sche torent binethen here brest.tore apart beneath With bothe honden here yaulew herehands her blond hair Out of the tresses sche hit tere,tore line465And ssche tocragged hire visage,scratched her face to pieces And gradde “Harow!” with gret rage.cried out “Help!” In halle was themperour. “Who had thee don this desonur?” “Bot this devel that her is, line470Hadde me ner ihonisscht, iwis. Hadde ich ben a while stille, fol. 87raWith me he hadde don his wille. And but ye hadde the rather icome,If you hadn’t come sooner Par force he hadde me forht inome.By force abducted line475Lo hou he had me torent,Look how torn to pieces Mi bodi and mi face isschent!destroyed He ne was nevere of thi blod; was not ever Lat him binde, for he is wod.Have him bound is mad A fend he is in kinde of man.fiend likeness line480Binde him, sire, and lede han,lead him hence For wod of wit I schal be,mad in mind I shall be Yif ich lengere on him see.” longer look “He sschal abigge,” saide themperour,pay for it And cleped forht a turmentour.called forth torturer line485Quik he het his sone take,commanded to be taken And spoili him of clothes nake,stripped naked And beten him with scourges stronge,whipped And afterward him heghe anhonge.hanged on high “Bletheliche,” the boies quathe,Gladly rogues said line490And tok the schild swithe rathe,at once And ladde him forht thourgh the halleforth Among therles and barons alle.the earls Evele thai gonnen him bisen.Foully treated him Gentil ronnen hem bitwenNoblemen ran between them line495And asked anon of this cas.about situation Thai saide here lordes heste hit was.(the rogues) said command Anon thai ronnen into the bour(the nobles) ran private quarters Biforn here lord the emperourtheir And blamed him he dede that dedefor doing that deed line500Withouten counseil and rede,advice And bad him that thilke soreweasked that sorry business Most be respit til amorewe.Might be postponed the next day “And thanne save him other slen,slay [him] Bi conseil of thi gentil men.” According to noblemen line505The emperour than spared his sone And het him caste in his prisone.commanded to be cast The emperice was fol wroth,most angry That the child was spared, forsoht,truthfully And wel mochel hit here traid.a great deal vexed her line510Sche thought wel more thanne she said.

An even late the emperourIn the evening Was browt to bedde with honur. brought The emperice his worhtli fereworthy companion To him cam with lourand cheremaking a scowl line515And the emperour asked why fol. 87rbShe made semblant so sori.She looked so upset “O sire,” she saide, “no wonder nis,it’s no wonder For now to londe icomen ishas come He that schal, in thin eld age,old line520Binime thee thin heritage.”Take from you inheritance “Pais, dame, who sschal that be?”Peace “Thin howen sone, I segge thee.”own tell “Min owen sone? Dame, nay! Ne schalt tou nevere se that daiyou see line525That he schal have ani might Me for to don unright.”to do me wrong “Pais, sire, what halt hit heled? Todai tho hast him fram deth ispeled.you saved Ase wel mot hit like thee line530Als dede the pinnote tre Of his ympe that he forht browte.” The emperour lai and more thougghte, And bad hire with semblaunt freasked her in a gracious manner Tellen him of that ilche tre,To tell same line535And of the ympe al the cas.shoot story

[Tale 1: arbor, the tree. The empress]

“Whilom a riche burgeis was,Once burgess (citizen) And woned her in Rome toun,Who lived here town A riche man of gret renoun. He hadde bihinden his paleysbehind palace line540A fair gardin of noblaysfine quality Ful of appel tres and of pirie;pear trees Foules songe therinne murie.Birds merrily Amideward that gardyn freIn the middle [of] excellent So wax a pinnote tre There grew pine tree line545That hadde fair bowes and frut;boughs Therunder was al his dedut.Under it delight He made therunder a grene benchturf-covered mound And drank therunder mani a sscench.draught Certes therinne was al his plaiyngCertainly amusement line550In time of solas and his resting.pleasure

So bifel upon a dai,It so befell The burgeis fram home tok his wai.[that] The burgess He boughte marchaundise and his chaffarewares And bileved oute al a yare. line555Also sone so he mighte,As soon as Homward he gan him dighte.set out Whan he was light at his in,had alighted home Quik he wente to his gardin,Immediately His fair tre for to sen.see fol. 87vaThanne segh he wexe a litel stren, saw growing shoot line561A yong ympe ut of his rote;shoot out its Fair hit him thougghte and swote.seemed to him beautiful Ac that ympe that so sprong,But Hit was sschort and nothing long.short line565The burgeis cleped his gardiner:called over ‘Lo!’ he saide, ‘Lo, me her!Hey Get over here Seste thou this ympe of gret mounde?Do you see most excellent shoot Kanst thou me telle, gode bounde,Can man Whi hit is so schort wering?’stays so short line570‘Ya, sire,’ he saide, ‘be hevene king,the king of heaven The grete bough that over him is So him bisschadeweth, iwis,puts in the shade, assuredly That hit mai have no thedom.’may not thrive ‘Steghe up,’ he saide, ‘mi gode grom,Get up [there] boy line575And hak awai the grete bough, That hit ne do min ympe no wough.’So that harm The gardiner, as his louerd het,lord commanded Hew awai the bough al swet,Cut so beautiful And asked yif hit was wel ido.done line580Another he bad him kit therto:cut as well ‘Than mai, withouten letting,hinderance Min himpe jolifliche spring.’shoot grow vigorously Nou ben hise bowes awai isschore,Now boughs shorn away And mochel of his beauté forlore.much its lost line585The ympe had roum and wexeth fast;grows The olde tre his vertu gan acast.vigor shed For no wonder hit nis:it’s no wonder Of the maister rote hit ismain root Out ispronge and out isshet.sprung and shot line590And his bowes awai iket, Tharfore that olde tre les his pride And asered bi that o side. The gode burgeis on a dai His ympe thrivende he sai,saw his shoot thriving line595Fair iwoxe and fair isprad,Beautifully grown spread out But the olde tre was al abrad. gangly He clepid his gardener thocalled over then And asked whi the olde tre verd so.faired He answerede, als he wel couthe,could line600‘Sikerliche, ich telle thee nouthe:To be sure, I’ll tell you right now The yonge impe that wide springesgrows broadly Had large roum in alle thingges, And for the elde tre is so ihewed,older cut back fol. 87vbHit is so wikked and so sschrewed.’wretched cursed line605The burgeis seide: ‘Sethe the eldeSince older one Biginneth so to unbelde,become weak Hewe him to the grounde doun right.right down to the ground Lat the yonge tre atire, aplight.’ be prepared in faith Thous was the olde tre doun ithraweThus thrown line610And the yonge tre forht idrawe. fostered Gode sire, gent and fre,noble gracious That olde tre bitokneth thee.stands for you The yonge bitokneth thi sone wodederanged That is ispronge out of thi blode.sprung blood line615He sschal be sone forht idraweshall fostered And maister, and thou his knaue. [made] master servant Hit wil wel sone ben ido,be done But thou take kep therto.Unless attend to it And but thou do, thou ne hast no might. unless you will have no power line620That I biseke to oure DrightSo I beg our Lord That als hit mote fare bi thee,That it may go with you As dede bi the pinnote tre.”As it did with

“Certes dame, thou seist for nowt.you’re speaking for no reason I ne sschal nevere so ben bicaught.taken advantage of line625Ich thee bihote, sikerliche.promise, to be sure He schal tomorewe erlicheearly tomorrow To deth be don, and that is right.”put to death And thous passede the ferste night.thus passed first

[Day 2]

Amorewe aros the emperourThe next morning line630And mani baroun of gret honur. Men undede the gates of the paleis;opened palace In com goende mani burgeis.came walking Sone was fild paleys and tour;filled palace tower In com goind themperour.came walking line635“Goht,” he seith, “to the prisone,Go And fechcheth forht mine sone,fetch out And quik that he ware anhongemake about it quickly hanged On heghe galewes and on stronge.”high and sturdy gallows The boies yede anon dounrogues went straight line640And fesched the child out of prisoun,fetched And ladde him forht thour the halleled through Among the erles and barouns alle. For that schild that naked waschild Mani bede themperice evel gras.

line645Than com ridend Bancillas,came riding [in] The childes firste maister he was, And seghe his deciple harde bistad;saw in trouble fol. 88raTherfore he was in herte unglad. He rod to themperours halle, line650And lighte and passede the knightes alle,alighted passed through And fint sone themperour,found And: “Sire,” saide, “Deu vous doint bonjour.”[he] said God give you good day Themperour saide: “God thee defende,keep you Fram god dai and fram god ende.”

line655Than seide maister Bancillas: “Whi artou wroht, and for what casare you angry reason Wiltou sle thin owen child?Do you want to slay Ne were thou wone be god and mild?” “Hit nis no wonder,” saide themperour,It’s no wonder line660“Thou sschalt ben anhonged, thou losenjour.hanged rascal For to thee and thine ferecompanions I bitok mi sone to lere,entrusted teach For to han itaught him god,To have taught him well And ye han imad him wod.have made deranged line665Mi wif he wolde have forleyn;raped Hit nis no wonder though I have trayn.if I am aggrieved He schal therfore ben islawe,be slain And afterward al todrawe.”drawn to pieces Than seide maister Bancillas: line670“Sire, that were now a sori cas.would be a wretched thing Thei he had iwraththed your wif, Yit had he nowt agelt his lif. Savve youre grace, wene ich hit nowt, Hit evere com in his thout.”

line675Themperour saide: “I fond hire torent,in tattered clothes Hire her and hire face ischent,Her hair disfigured And who is founde hond-habbing, Hit nis non nede of witnessing.” Saide Bancillas: “Hit nis non hale not wholesome line680To leve stepmoderes tale.believe tales Yif thou him slest bi hire purchas,by her contrivance On thee falle swich a casMay such a fate befall you As fel upon a gentil knight And of his graihond that was so wight.”on greyhound brave line685“O maister, for Godes mounde,in God’s name Hou bifel the knight of his grehonde?”What befell regarding “Therwhile, sire, that I tolde this tale,While Thi sone mighte tholie dethes bale;suffer torment Thanne were mi tale forlore.for nothing line690Ac ofsende thi sone therfore,summon And yif him respit of his bale,give respite from torment fol. 88rbAnd thou sschalt here a foul fair tale.”hear terrifyingly good Themperour saide: “Respit I graunt. Fech him hider a serjaunt.”Let a sergeant fetch him hither line695Quik ran the messager. With god semblant and glade cher,courteousness expression He louted his maister that com him bi As he was lad to prisoun sti. “Maister,” seide themperour, “tel this cas.”story line700“Bletheliche,” saide sire Bancillas.Gladly

[Tale 2: canis, the dog. First sage, Bancillas]

“Sire, whilom was in this cité,once [there] was In a ,On a Trinity Sunday A swithe noble strong burdis very spirited joust Of men that were of noble pris.fame line705In a mede was this turney,meadow tournament Of men that were of gret noblai.nobility The knyght in the mede hadde o maner,a manor house Al biclosed with o river,Completely surrounded by a Of chaumbres and of heghe halle,With high line710Of old werk, forcrased alle.fallen to ruins The knight hadde a fair leuedi,lady A wel fair child sche hadde him bi.very by him Hit hadde of thre norices keping:Three nursemaids looked after it The ferste gaf hit soukeying; suckled him line715That other norice him scholde bathe Whan hit was time, late and rathe;late and early The thridde norice him sscholde wassche. The child was keped tendre and nessche.kept soft The knight hadde a graihond, greyhound line720Ther nas no better in lond ifound.wasn’t any better Alle the bestes that ran to[it] ran after He tok, bothe hert and ro.caught hart roe He was so hende and wel itaught,noble well behaved He nolde give him for non aught. line725The knight was lopen on his stedehad leapt horse And armed wel in iren wede —steel armor The sscheld aboute his nekk, the spere on his hond —[with] The shield spear in And burdised with the knightes of the lond.[he] jousted The leuedi stod in pointt tournis on the drawbridge line730For to bihelde the burdis.To watch joust The norice went out of the hallenurses And set the cradel under the walle.put wall Mani stede ther ran and lep,Many a horse leapt To hem men toke gode kep.People watched them eagerly line735An addre was norissched in the wal snake dwelled in fol. 88vaAnd herde the riding and the noise al,heard And pelt out here heued to se that wonder,poked her head see And segh that schild ligge therunder.saw lying below He crep to grounde quik anonslithered at once line740In the cradel the child to slon.slay The graihond segh the adder red,saw copper Grislich, rough, strong, and qued.Horrible wicked Anon he gan hire to asailattacked her And hente here in his mouth saun fail.seized her without fail line745The adder so the grehound stangbit And he feled the bite so strang.felt painful Anon he let the adder gon,go Upon the cradel he fleigh anon,(the snake) flew And was aboute the child to sting,bite line750And the greihond com yerne flingging,at once dashing eagerly And hente the adder in strong ger,seized strongly And flapped here al aboute his er.dashed her ears Bitwene the adder and the grehound The cradel turnd up so doun on ground — line755Up so doun in hire feghting — That the child lai diveling. The stapeles hit up held al quert,frame held it up intact That the child nas nowt ihert.So that was not hurt Thaddre so the greihoun bot,The snake bit line760Bi the side, God hit wot.In knows He cried and on the cradel lep(The greyhound) leapt And bledde theron a wel gret hep.a great deal And whan the smert was al igon,pain had passed To that addre he sterte anon,lurched line765And bi the bodi he him hent,seized And al to peces here torent.tore her into little pieces The grehound wolde nowt sessed bewould not rest Til that adder ware toren of thre,torn into three pieces And al the place theraboute, line770Was wel blodi, withouten doute.covered in blood The burdis toyede, the folk gan hom tee,joust ended returned home And the norices alle thre The cradel and the child thai found Up so doun upon the ground; line775The greihound criede for his smert.on account of his pain The norice was sori in hertnurses were And ech of hem understodethought That the greihond was wodrabid And hadde that faire child islawe.slain fol. 88vbAwai thai gonne fle and drawe,did flee and go line781Als hit were wode wimmen.As if they were mad The leuedi com hom agenlady home again And asked hem what hem was.them what the matter was Anon thai telde here al the castold her story line785Thai lowen on that greihond hende;slandered noble Hit was pité, so God mamende.piteous, so help me God

The leuedi, when sche herde this,lady Aswone sche fil adoun, iwis.In a swoon fell assuredly The knight com fram the justing fare,from the joust line790Anon asked hem what hem ware.asked them what the matter was ‘Sire,’ quadth she, ‘ich wille bi ded,said want to die I nelle never ete bred, will not ever eat bread For thi greihond that is so wilde Hath islawe oure faire childe,slain line795And but ye willen him slen anon,unless will slay Right now ich wille mi lif forgon.’ surrender The knight for rage into halle set,enraged marched His hende graihond ther he met, That him welcomed with fot and tail.standing up and wagging its tail line800The knight drowth his swerd, saunz fail,drew without fail The graihond on the rigge he hit,back Into the grounde he him slit.Down to the ground cut The greihound is ded, the knight forth goth Into his halle, grim and wroth.fierce angry line805Of the adder he fond mani tronsounpieces And the cradel up so doun.upside down He turneth the cradel and fint the child quik,found alive Hol and sond, and hath ferlich.Whole sound [he] marveled He segh the adder the graihound slowth:saw [that] slew line810He hadde slawen his greihond with wouth.slain wrongly He cride and made mochel sorewe:great sorrow ‘Ne be that man nevere iborewe,Let that man never find shelter But in evel water adreint,be drowned That ever leve wimmannes pleint.’ believes accusations line815Eft he maketh a gret cri,Again And he clepeth the leuedi,summons lady And on the knightes and sweines also,squires And pleined him of his mochel wo,complained about great suffering And sschewede his child hol and sound,showed whole line820And slawen was his gode graihond,slain For his prouesse and his god dede,prowess good deed Al for his fole wives rede. on account foolish advice ‘O grehound,’ he seide, ‘wight and strong,brave fol. 89raI schal mi selve abigge that wrong,atone for line825And tache other knightes, saun fail,teach without fail To leve here leuedis conseil.’ disregard their ladies’ counsel He set him doun in that thrawe,then Als quik he dede his sschon ofdrawe,And immediately took of his shoes And karf hise vaumpes fot-hot,cut off stockings hot-footedly line830And wente him forht al barfot,barefoot (a sign of penance) Withouten leve of wif and child,[taking] leave And wente into a forest wild, Into desert fram alle men,[a place] deserted by people Wolde he never come agen.Never planning to return line835He tholede mani a biter stoundesuffered moment For the wrong of his greihonde.wrong he did to So falle on thee, sire emperour, Swich arm and sschame and desonur, Yif thou do thi sone unright,treat your son unjustly line840Als to the greihound dede the knight.As Thourgh the counseil of hiis wif He slough his greihond nowt geltif.” slew unguilty

“O maister, bi Peter that ich haue sought,whom I have sought So schal hit bifalle nowt. line845Nou bi God that I schal serveNow Todai more ne schal he sterve.”he shall not die The court wente, the maister tok leve,took [his] leave Hit gan sone to wexen eve.become evening Themperour com to chaumbre anon,bedroom line850Themperice him loured upon.scowled at him Themperour saide: “Dame, artou wroth?”are you angry “Ye, sire,” she saide, “forsoht.”indeed “Tel me now, sweting fre.”Tell me [about it] kind darling “Thou wost wel, so mot ich se,know well I must say line855For I thee warni of thine fon,warn about enemies And thou ne kanst me thank non. show me no gratitude Thou clepest thi sone, he is the devel;[he whom] You call your son He sschal thee do wel mochel ivel.great evil But thou me of him wil awreke,If you don’t avenge me on him line860Al folk mot hit wite and speke.Everyone will know about it He mot thee bringge to swich endingwill bring you to such an end Als hadde the bor for his cracheing.”boar scratching “The bor, dame, tel that me, Whi for cracheing deied he?”did he die line865“Sire nou thou wilt wite that cas,now you will know the story Ich wille thee telle hou hit was.”

[Tale 3: aper, the boar. The empress]

“Sire,” quath the leuedi, “here bi west said out west fol. 89rbTher was a fair riche forest. A bor was norisscht tharinne,supplied with nourishment line870Fram a pig to a swine.piglet Of the bor was swich lossuch terrible report To gon therinne ech man agros;[that] To go everyone was afraid Ne dorst ther come knight ne swein. In the forest was a pleinclearing line875And in the pleyn a tre of haweshawthorn berries That ripe were be tho dawes.at that time The bor hem gan ful sone asmelle;smelled them Ech dai he het therof his felle.Every day ate fill In that forest woned an herdlived herdsman line880That of bestes loked and sterd.looked after guided O best him was araught,One beast stolen Widewar he hit hadde isought. Everywhere sought Be the hawe tre he gan comehawthorn tree And thoughte to have therof some.intended line885Ful he gaderede his barm —gathered sleeve Yet ne thought he of non harm —Thinking nothing of it then In his other lappe he gaderede some.sleeve some [more] The felle bor bicam to come.evil began to approach The herde him segh and was ofdrad,saw afraid line890He dorst nowt fle, he was so mad. Up to the hawe tre he stegh.climbed The bor him com swithe neghvery near And he ne findeth hawe nonno hawthorn fruit As he was iwont to don.used to do line895He loked up and segh the herd,saw He criede and makede rewli rerd.a terrifying roar He wette his tossches and his fet, The erthe with his snowte he bet.snout beat Thourh the mouht the fom was wight,foam white line900The tussches in the tre he smit.tusk struck The tre aresede as hit wold falle.trembled as if it would The herde was sori adrad withalleawfully frightened to be sure And nyste what was beste to doo.didn’t know Hys honde he putt his lappe toointo his sleeve lineE905And caste the bore of the hawyn.some of the hawthorn fruits The boore thereof faste gan gnawyngnawed And ete hys wombe fulle withalle, belly to be sure And he gan sone on knes to falle. Tho isegh the herd manWhen saw lineA910That the bor falle bigan,to fall He kest the bor doun hawes anoweaplenty And com himself doun bi a bowe.on a branch With the left hond he heng,hand hung And with the right hond on the bor he feng.caught the boar line915He clew the bor on the riggescratched back And he bigan adoun to ligge.he (the boar) began lie fol. 89vaHe clewe him eft upon the wombe,again belly He fil adoun als a lombe.fell down like a lamb He lek his eghen and gan to slape.closed eyes sleep line920The knif drough the herde knape —took out boy herdsman Out he drough, scharp an long —drew [it] and The bor to the herte he stong.struck The herd thous with his long knifthus Biraft the bor of his lif.Took from line925He went him forth and let him ligge.lying Lo, sire emperour, I thee sigge,See say Thou art the bor, thi maister thee clawesscratches With fals resoun and wikkede sawes,wicked tales And on thee he whetteth his teth.is sharpening line930Til thai thee bringge to thi deth, With clawing thai sculle thee desceive,shall Til thai thee sle with dethes glaive.” blade

“Certes, dame, I sigge no.say no Hit schal nevere bifalle so.never befall line935Forsothe he sschal tomorewe dai,In truth die Withouten ani more derai.”confusion And sche saide ones other twiis:once or twice “Gentil sire, graunt mercys.many thanks God yif thee therto strengthe and mightgive line940To dethe him do er hit be night.”To put him to death before

[Day 3]

The night passede, the dai com, The heghe emperour of Romhigh Went adoun of his tour,down from tower With herte wroth and gret irour.angry ire line945Men unlek gate and halle dore,People unlocked Barouns entrede in a store,abundance Sone was filt paleys and tour,filled palace tower In com gon themperour. Biforen hem alle, in grete traye,agitation line950He het mani a wikke boiesummoned wicked rogue His son lede toward the hangging;to lead Hit was ido withouten letting.done delay And right amideward the presThen through crowd Com ride maister Ancilles,Came riding line955That the childes other maister was, And isegh that ferli cas.saw terrible thing Toward the halle he gan drive,ride And highede thider fast and blive,hurried there vigorously And fond sone that emperour,met line960And gret him sone with honur.greeted fol. 89vbThemperour sikerlicheto be sure On him loked litherliche,Looked at him fiercely And to the maister he saide thore:then “Maugre have thou for thi lore.Shame on you teaching line965Thou hast iserved wikked mede,deserved reward Thou schalt hit have, so Crist me spede.”God help me

Than saide maister Ancilles: “For Godes love, sire, hold thi pes.peace Wiltou sle thin owen sone?Do you want to slay line970To ben milde hit was thi wone.”merciful custom “Hit nis no wonder,” saide themperour,It’s no wonder “Thou schalt ben anhonged, thou vile losenjour.hanged traitor Ich tok thee mi sone to loregave teach For to teche him wisdom moreTo teach line975And ye han him bitreid.have betrayed him His speche is loren, ich am desmaid;lost dismayed Mi wif he wolde have forht itake.would have abducted To deth,” he seide, “he schal ben don with wrake.”put misery Than seide the maister: “Hit is non haleunwholesome line980To leve stepmoderes tale,believe tales For here bolt is sone ischote, her arrow is soon shot More to harm than to note.benefit Yif thou him sle bi hire purchas,slay him by her contrivance On thee falle swich a casMay such a fate befall you line985Als fil on Ypocras, the gode clerk,As befell good That slow his neveu with fals werk.”Who slew his nephew wickedly “Maister,” he saide, “tel me that casstory Of the scoler and of Ypocras.”student Ancilles said als-so tit:right away line990“Thi sone todai mak thou quit,free Til tomorewe hit be dailight, And I thee schal telle anonright,right away With gret felonie and with wouhinjustice Hou Ypocras his neven slow.”nephew slew line995“I schal him respite,” saide themperour,grant a stay And het anon, withouten sojourordered delay Men scholde agen fechche his sonePeople fetch back And caste him into presone.prison The child was brout into the tounbrought town line1000With a fair processioun And into presoun pilt he was.thrown Nou ginneth the tale of Ypocras.begins

[Tale 4: medicus, the doctor. Second sage, Ancilles]

“Sire Ypocras was maister here, Of lechecraft was non his pere.medicine peer fol. 90raHe hadde with him his neveu,nephew line1006That schild lere of his vertu. learned expertise He segh the child so queinte of lore,saw wise in learning He wolde techen him nammore.[that] He would teach no more He thoughte wel, at a score,by the time he was twenty line1010He sscholde passi him bifore.should surpass The child aparceived wel thisunderstood And held hit in his herte, iwis.assuredly His emes werk he gan aspieuncle’s observed covertly Til he couthe al his maistrie.Until knew skill line1015Tho Ypocras wel he fondThen discovered Bi craft of the childes hondBy [observing] the skill That he couthe al his mastrieexpertise And brast negh for onde and vie.almost exploded with malice envy So bifel upon a time a thing: line1020Of Hongrie the riche kingHungary Hadde swich a sone gent.a certain To Ypocras anon he sent That he scholde come his sone to haleheal And habbe gold ful a male.a bag full of gold line1025Ypocras wende ne mightcould not go But cleped his neveu anonrightsummoned right away And bad him wenden to that lond,asked him to go And that schild take an hond.to take in hand (treat) And whan he hadde so ido,done line1030He scholde agen comen him to.come back to him The schild was set on a palefraipalfrey And forht he tok the righte way.nearest And whan he com to that lond The king him tok bi the hondtook line1035And ladde him to his sike childe.led Now Crist of hevene be ous milde!to us The yonge man segh the childes peynesaw pain And tasted his senewe and his veyne.tested sinews veins He taketh an urinal for to sen, line1040He ne segh nowt of the kyng, but of the quen. And of the child, God hit wite,God knows He segh hit was amis bigete. He gan the leuedi aside drawe.drew aside ‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘be aknaweis it known line1045What man had bigete this child?’begotten ‘What,’ she saide, ‘artou wild?are you Who sschulde him bigete but the kyng?’beget ‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘that is soht no thing.not at all true fol. 90rbHit nas nevere of kinges stren.’was never lineage line1050‘Let,’ she saide, ‘swich wordes benStop it with such words Other I schal do bete thee soOr I shall have you beaten so That tho schalt nevere ride ne go.’you nor walk [again] ‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘bi swiche talewith such a tale Thi sone schal nevere more ben hale.be well line1055Ac tel me, dame, al the cas,the whole story Hou the child bigeten was.’was conceived ‘Belami,’ she saide, ‘so.’Rascal as I said ‘Par fai, dame,’ he saide, ‘no,’In faith And schok his heued upon the quen.shook at line1060‘Dame,’ he saide, ‘thai yhe wille me slen,even if you should slay me I ne mai do thi sone no bot,make for your son remedy But yif I wite the sothe rotUnless know true root Of what man hit was bigete.’was conceived ‘Maister,’ she saide, ‘that mai no man wite.know line1065Yif mi conseil were unhele,secret revealed Ich were islawe, bi righte skele.’would be slain rightly ‘Dame,’ he seide, ‘so mot ich thee,as I may prosper, i.e., on my life I nelle nevere biwraie thee.’I will never betray ‘O meister,’ she seide, ‘so hit bifel:it happened like this line1070This enderdai in on ,A while ago one April Therl of Naverne com to this thede,The earl Navarre place Wel atired in riche wede,attired clothing With mi louerd for to plai,lord have amusement And so he dede mani a dai.did line1075That ich erl I gan to lovesame Al erthliche thing above,Above all earthly things And so, par gret druri,in the course of love I let that erl ligge me bi,lie And thous hit was on me bigete.thus line1080A, leve maister, let no man wite.’ dear know ‘Nai, dame, forsothe, iwis,in truth But for he was bigeten amis,because misbegotten Hit mot bothe drink and eteHe (the child) must Contrarius drink, contrarius mete:Opposing types of drink and food line1085Beves flesch, and drinke the brotht!’Cow’s meat He gaf the child anon therof; gave of that [preparation] The child warisscht fair and wel.regained his health The kyng gaf him mani a juelgave jewel To the leche, of silver and goold,doctor line1090Als mochel als he nime wold.As much as he would take He wente hom with that eightethose possessions And Ypocras, anonright,right away fol. 90vaHe asked yif that the schild was sound.well ‘Ye sire,’ he saide, ‘bi Seint Simond.’Yes line1095He asked: ‘what was his medicine?’ ‘Bef and broth gode and fine.’Beef ‘What than was he an avetrol?’bastard ‘Thou seist soht, sire, be mi pol.’say correctly head Quath Ypocras: ‘Bi the gode dome,Said your line1100Thou art bicome al to wis a grome.’have become wise boy Ther he thoughte, agen resoun,plotted, against To don him strong tresoun.a terrible wrong

So bifel upon a dai, He and his neveu yede to plaiwent amuse themselves line1105In a fair grene gardin, Therin wex mani an herbe fin.grew plant On thei seghen in the groundeOne saw That was an herbe of gret mounde.value He tok and schewid hit Ypocras(the nephew) took showed line1110And he saide a better ther nas (Ypocras) said was none better For he wald his neveu bikeche.wanted to deceive The child stoupede swich on to reche,stooped such a one (plant) pick Therwhile Ypocras with a knifUpon which Binom that schild his swete lif,Took from line1115And let him birie sikerliche,had him buried secretly Als he were storven sodainliche.As if he had died suddenly And sone therafter swithe yernevery eagerly He let alle hise bokes berne. had burnt Ac God almighti, hevene kyng,the king of heaven line1120He oversegh alle thing.sees He sent Ypocras for his tresoun Sone therafter the menesoun.dysentery Wel wist Ypocras for his quedknew because of his wickedness That he scholde sone be ded. line1125For al that hever he mighte doever His menesoun might nowt staunche tho.[he] might not stop then He let ofsende, moche and lite,had summoned, great and small Hise neyebours him to visite, And tolde al right anonright away line1130Hou his deth was comen him on,had come to him With gret right and nowt with wough,not with wrong For his neveu that he slowgh.On account of slew An empti tonne he let fetbarrel had fetched And of water of a petwell line1135He let hit fille to the mouthe,had it filled brim For he walde hise werkes were couthe.he wanted his deeds to be known The tresoun he gan hem alle reherse.relate fol. 90vbIn a thousand stede he let the tonne perceplaces had pierced And tho he hadde mad holes so fele,although many line1140In ech he pelt a doseleput plug And smerede the holes al aboute,greased And everich doseil he braid oute.every plug drew out No drope of water ut com than,out Mervaile hadde mani a man. Many people marveled line1145‘Lo!’ he saide, ‘water hi can stop,I That hit ne mai nowt bi bores drop,So that holes Ac I ne mai nowt stop mi menesoun And that is al for mi tresoun,on account of With gret right and nowt with wough,wrong line1150For mi neveu that I slow.slew Ich him slow sikerliche, For he was wiser man than iche.I Ich ne no man under sonneI nor Me gif help nou ne conne,could give me help now line1155But mi neveu alive ware.Except if he were alive Right is that ich hennes fare.’It’s right travel hence Lo!” saide the maister, “hou YpocrasLook Destrued his lif and solas.Destroyed joy Sire emperour, tak hede and loke:take heed look line1160He slow his neveu and brent his boke,slew burnt Might hit him ani thing profite?”Did he profit in any way “Nai,” saide themperour, “moche ne lite.”No neither a lot nor a bit “No,” saide the maister, “verraiment.indeed I biseke God omnipotent,beg line1165That yif thou do thi sone to dedput your son to death And hise maistres, be thi wives red,according to advice That on thee falle swich a cas,might fall fate As dede on maister Ypocras.” did

The maister had so isped,succeeded line1170Themperour sone was his frend.[that] The emperor The maister was owai inome;led away Themperour was to chaumbre icome.came to his bedroom Ther he fond his empericeWhere With lourand chere and with nicefrowning foolishly line1175Hond wringging, and loude koupe,Wringing her hands crying loudly And here visage al biwope.her face in tears “Dame,” he saide, “pluk up thi cher,cheer up Other tel me whi thou makest swich cher.”Or such a face “Sire,” she saide, “hit is wonder non.it’s no wonder line1180Hi se thi honur al igon;I see gone I se the wede waxe over the corn.weeds choking out Allas! allas! that I was borenborn fol. 91raAnd that I schal this dai isesee That we sschulle departed be.”separated line1185“What, dame, is hit comen therto,has it come to this We sscholle be departed so?”[that] We “Ye, sire, bi Adam and bi Eve, For thou nelt nowt me ileveyou will not believe me Of him that thou clepest thi sone.Regarding call line1190Certes he had the develes wone.good luck He thee procureth night and daiprocures for you Al the sschame that he mai. Thine barouns and thine gentil men, Alle thai holden thee agen.hold against you line1195Thai sschal wel sone for nithe an heteon account of envy and hate Put thee out of thi kinges sete And sette him stede inne thine;in your place That ware mi deth and mi pine.death of me pain Ich hadde levere to ben anhongerather be hanged line1200Than that I scholde live so longe.” A! Hou wimmen conne hit make,dissemble Whan thai wil ani man lake. trick “Ac, sire, yif hit falle so That thempire is dight him to,destined to him line1205On thee falle swich a casMay such a fate befall you As dede on him that his heued waswhose head Of his sone icast in a gongBy thrown privy With felonie and with wrong.”Feloniously “O dame, who might that be line1210Wolde do his fader swich vilté?[who] Would commit an insult Tel hit me, for God above.” “Lat be, sire, for mi love,Be still Thou ne lovest nowt of mi telling;don’t like any of my tales Hit schal thee rewe, bi hevene kyng.” You’ll regret it king of heaven line1215“Yis, dame,” he saide, “lat here thee spekespeak here And ich wil sone thee awreke.avenge Sei on, dame.” And ssche bigan To tellen als a fals wimman. as

[Tale 5: gaza, the treasure. The empress]

“An emperour was in thes toun,this town line1220A riche man of gret renoun, Octovien was his name, Wide sprong his riche fame.traveled impressive Gold and silver to wille he wan And more he hadde than ani man. line1225He made Cressent, that riche tour,tower Therinne he pult his tresor.Wherein placed Seve wise men ther were in Rome,Seven fol. 91rbThe five out of londe he nometook [with him] And the twaie left at hometwo line1230To kepe Rome with rightful dome. look after impartial justice That on was bothe curteis an hende, Lef to give and lef to spende;Eager And that other lef to pinche,scrimp Bothe he was scars and chinche.stingy miserly line1235And als we finden writen in boke, Themperour him taught his tresor to loke,gave look after And he hit kept bi al his might,as well as he could Bothe bi daies an bi night. For the wrecche man, saun fail,wretched without doubt line1240Wende the erthe sscholde him fail.Thought fall in on [otherwise] The large wise wiste welgenerous sage knew Of this tresor eche a del.All about this treasure He saide to his sone: ‘Tak a pike,pickaxe Tonight thou schalt with me strike.’dig line1245‘Whider?’ seide his sone.Where to ‘Therof have thou nothing to done.That’s none of your concern Arise up quik and with me go,Get up And do als tou sest me do.’as you see Forth thai went withoute sojour delay line1250To Cressent that riche tour.excellent An hole thai bregen al with ginnebroke open cleverly And bothe thai wenten therinne, And token tresor, I you swere, Als the moche als thai might bere,As much as bear line1255And beren hit hom wel on hast,bore home hastily And maden hem large whiles hit last.spent liberally whilst Amorewe aros that sinatour,arose (the stingy sage) And sithen tobregen his louerdes tour,since [was] breeched lord’s And beren was awai that tresour;borne line1260Therfore he made gret dolour.grieved profoundly He ne made no pleint to no man,complained to no one But stopped the hole anon agen, again For he thouwte wel that hit left,thought whoever left it Wolde come agen eft.Would back again line1265For thef of steling wil nowt blinne,a thief won’t stop stealing Til he honge bi the chinne. Until he’s hanging by his chin Nigh evene bi the hole,Close by Ther the catel was istole,Where treasure had been stolen The wise man dede make a dichhad a ditch dug line1270Ful of lim and of pich,bitumen pitch That yif he agen wald come,So that would come back That the trattur sscholde bi nome.Then traitor caught fol. 91vaThe stolen catel ispended is,The stolen treasure being spent The wise bicometh a fol, iwis. wiseman fool

line1275He tok his sone, agen he went(the spendthrift sage) took back To that tour that hight Cressent.is called An hole thay broken al bi store, broke open boldly The fader lep in bifore,leapt Into the limed diche.slime-filled line1280Loude he gan to crie and skrichescreech And saide: ‘Sone, com her thou nowt,don’t come in here For ich ham nomen and bicaught.’am taken trapped ‘Hou so, fader? Ich wil fechche help.’fetch ‘Nai, sone, mak therof no yelp.keep it quiet line1285Her ne geth help ne red, For sikerliche ich am ded.’ ‘A, leve fader, what sschal I do?’dear ‘Sone, with thin hond thi swerd tak topull out your sword And hastiliche gird off min heued.’quickly cut off head line1290‘Nai arst mi lif scholde me bi bireved,first taken from me Ar ich mi fader scholde sle.’Before would slay ‘Sikerliche, sone, hit mot so be,it must be so Other ich and tou and alle mineOr you Beth ischent withouten fine.Will be killed well and truly line1295Bettere hit is that ich on passe,pass on (die) Than al mi ken, more and lasse.kindred, greater and lesser Smit off min heued with thi sword;Strike head Schalt tou never here therof no word.You’ll never hear a word about it Hit ginneth to dawe, highe thee henne.dawn get away from here quickly line1300Forgive I thee al that sinne.’ His fader heued he smot off tharefather’s head And awai with him hit bare.bore Ac he ne wiste for non nedehe was completely at a loss as to Whar he mighte hit best ihede.Where hide line1305But als he com bi a gongwhen privy Amidde the pit he hit slongInto slung And wente hom and made wo,grieved His brethren and his sustren also. brothers sisters Amorewe aros that sinatour,arose (the stingy sage) line1310And segh tobroken his louerdes tour,saw broken into lord’s And segh ther stonde an heuedles man —saw headless Knowe him nowt he ne can.He cannot recognize him He loked bifore and bihinde, Knowleching ne couthe he finde.Familiar feature line1315He let him drawe out of the pithad him drawn And his fet faste iknitfeet strongly bound With trais an two stronge hors,with ropes [tied] to horses fol. 91vbAnd hete to Rome drawen his cors,ordered his body be drawn And yif ani weped other cride,wept or line1320He het him nime that ilche tide. ‘Quicliche breng him me bifore,Quickly bring For of that kyn he was ibore.’ family born The heuedles bodi also sketeswiftly Was idrawe thourgh everi strete.drawn street line1325Fort he come agen the paleisUntil before That aughte the ded burgeis.belonged to There was cri and wail a wo,lamentation Of brother and of suster also.

The sone that wiste of al that dedeknew the plan line1330Stirt him in in gret drede.Leapt up dread He braid out his knif on heghtook up And smot himselve thourghhout the thegh.struck thigh The kinges serjaunt faste hidehurried over To nime that folk that faste cride.arrest ardently line1335Thai sschewed iwonded here brother,showed their wounded Thai seide thai wepte for non other. Thai seghen alle the wonded mansaw wounded And leved hem wel and went ogan.believed them away Lo, sire, swich a foul wille,See terrible disposition line1340Agen resoun and right skille.Against thinking Was nowt the boi of wit birevedchurl robbed of his wits Whan he tok his fader heued,head In a vil gonge slong hit inne?[and] Slung it in a horrid privy He might han don a better ginne,behaved more cleverly line1345Ibiried hit ower preveliche.” Buried somewhere privately “Thou saist soth, dame, sikerliche,the truth An unkynde boi hit was.”unnatural rogue “Ya! On thi heued falle that cas! Thi sone, the devel him mote anhonge,may the devil hang him line1350But he cast thin heued in a gonge.” If he doesn’t throw

“Dame, I schal yeme me fram care,protect myself trouble Certes tomorewe he sschal forht fare.”go forth (be killed) “Sire, I leve thee nowt, sikerliche.” believe “Yis, dame, hardiliche.”certainly line1355“Graunt merci,” she saide, “sire gent” Many thanks noble lord And kist him to acordement,by way of reconciliation And let here word swithe sone,fell silent And yede to bedde mididone.went thereupon

[Day 4]

Dioclician themperour, line1360Amorewe wente out of his tour And let ofsende his gentil knave —sent for boy No man ne most him save —No one might save him fol. 92raAnd het him lede forht sikerlik, ordered him be led And bidelve him also quikbe buried line1365That he never, for no thing, Herde of him more tiding. He was forht lad with boies felle.by wicked rogues The burgeis and the dammeisele,burgesses young women Thai gunne arere swich a criraise up line1370That hit schillede into the ski,resounded And saide: “Wailawai! Whi with wronge[they] said Alas unjustly Schal themperours sone ben anhonge?”be hanged Than com ridende Lentilioun, came riding A wis maister and of fair fazoun.fair of face line1375The childes thridde maister hadde iben,[he] had been For reuthe he ne might him nowt isen.pity could not look at him And themperour wel sone he fond,met He gret him faire, ich understond.greeted courteously Themperour saide: “So God me spede,God help me line1380Traitour, thee sschal be quit thi mede.you shall get your reward For mi sones mislerningmiseducation Yhe sschulle habbe evel ending.”You have “O sire emperour of pris,renown In dedes thou sscholdest be war and wis.prudent line1385Yif thou wilt thi sone sschendekill Withouten assent of barouns hende, And dost us qued for oure godnesse,wrong [in reward] for On thee falle swich a destresseLet such distress befall you So dede on the riche gomeAs did man line1390That with his wif was overcome.”Who by “O tel me, maister, hou ani wimman Mighte bigile ani man?”beguile “Blethelich, sire, so God me amende,Gladly so help me God Yif thou wilt thi sone ofsende.send for line1395For yif he were therwiles islawe,in the meantime slain For nowt I telde thee mi tale.”should have told you The riche emperour also sketquickly His sone agen fechche he het.commanded his son to be fetched The child was don the presoun in,put in prison line1400The maister his tale he gan agin.begin

[Tale 6: puteus, the well. Third sage, Lentilioun]

“Ther was a burgeis in this toun, A riche man of gret renoun, That wolde spouse no neyhebours schild, would marry But wente fram hom as a moppe wild.fool line1405He let his negheboures child for o viceturned down out of vice And wente fram hem als moppe and nice,them like a fool and an idiot fol. 92rbAnd browghte hom a dammaisele,young woman Was ful of vices swithe fele.[who] Was a great many He segh hire fair and avenauntsaw her seemly line1410And with here fader made covenanther an agreement For to habben hire to wivehave her as his wife And evere more to righte live;correctly He spoused hire and ladde hire hom. married her led her Hire forme lemman hire after com, Her former lover line1415That hire served mani a stounde,serviced many a time Whan on slepe was the husbounde. asleep Than was the lawe in Rome toun That whether lord or garsoun,boy That after corfu bi founde rominde,Whoever curfew roaming line1420Faste men scholden hem nimen and bindethem take bind And kepen him til the sonne uprising,dawn And than bifore the folk him bring And thourgh the toun him villiche drive. shamefully The burgeis aparseived of his wivenoticed regarding line1425Fele nightes was gon him fram,[that] Many [she] was And in the dawiyng agen she cam.at dawn back He saide nowt wel longe whilenothing for a long time But ever he souchede him of gile. O night he him ase dronke madeOne pretended to be drunk line1430And yede to bedde blithe and glade,went joyful And lai stille als he slepe sone.as if he were asleep Sche stal awai mididoneimmediately And wente to here lotebi, her lover And he hit aparseived sikerli,(the husband) saw it line1435And went him out and segh and herdsaw Al togider hou sche misferd,Completely misbehaved And wente him in out of the stretecame back in from And schet the dore swithe skete, shut door very quickly And spak out ate windowe line1440And saide: ‘Dame, God give thee howe,grief This thou ne might forsake for non nede. Ich have inome thee in this dedecaught you With thi lechour, with him thou go,fornicator Of thee ne kep I nevere mo.’For I’ll care never more line1445‘A, lat me in, sire, par amour,for love’s sake Men sschal sone ringe corfour.’ ring the curfew ‘Nai, dame, ich thee forsake, In the foli thou worst itake.In your folly were caught out Al thi ken schal witen and sen,kindred know see line1450What mester womman thou havest iben.’kind of woman been fol. 92va‘Nai, God almighti that isschilde,forbid Ich wille bicome wod and wilde.mad But thou me in lete, ich wille telle,Unless I guarantee Ich wille me drenchen in the welle.’drown myself line1455‘Drenche thi selve other anhonge,or hang For here thou havest lived too longe.’ She tok up a gret stonstone And wente to the welle anon, And saide after a wommannes wrenche:with her womanly deceitfulness line1460‘Her now, sire, I schal me adrenche.’ Here drown myself She let the ston falle in the welle And sterte under the dore wel snelle.ran quickly The seli man bigan to grede:foolish cry ‘Allas! wat sschal me to rede?’what shall I do? line1465Anonrightes he wente him owtStraight away And soughte his wif in the welle about, And swithe loude he bigan to crie, And she stert in wel an highe,ran in in haste And sschitte the dore swithe fast,shut line1470And he gan up his heued cast.threw up his head ‘What,’ he saide, ‘who is thare?’ ‘Ich,’ she saide, ‘God give thee kare. sorrow Is hit nou time, bi thi snoute,snout For to ben thous longe theroute?’ line1475‘A, dame,’ he saide, ‘ich was asschreint.worried Ich wende thou haddest ben adreint.I thought drowned Lat me in, dame, par amour,for love’s sake Men sschal sone ringe corfour.’ring the curfew ‘The devel honge me thanne bi the toth, line1480The waites sscholle wel se the sothwatchmen see truth That thou art an hold lechourold fornicator And comest hom after corfour. Thou schalt suffre kare and howesorrow grief And drinke that thou hast ibrowe.’what brewed line1485With that the waites come ridewatchmen came riding And hi herden hou thai gon schidethey quarreled And corfour belle ringge gan. Inomen was that seli manArrested foolish And never of him no qued ne herde — line1490Thai wist ful wel hou hit ferde. Thai beden his wif, as she was hende,asked gracious Leten him in ar corfu ende.To let before She answered as malicious:as a malicious woman ‘He cometh nou fram the hore hous. whore fol. 92vbThous he is wonet me to serve.This is how he serves me line1496On evele dethe mot he sterve.An may die Ich have ihid his schame er this,hidden before I nel nammore nou, iwis.’won’t anymore Corfour belle no lenger rong, line1500The burgeis was lad forht with wrong. unjustly What helpeth hit lenger tale?would help a longer That night he sat wel sore akalesorely chilled And his wif lai warme abedde, And solas of hire lemman fredde.pleasure enjoyed line1505Amorewe the burgeis was forth ifetfetched And his honden biforen him knet,bound And thourgh the toun he was ilad,led Lohtliche driven and bigradWith dishonor berated Ase a thef. This meschaunce,mishap line1510Gelteles he suffred, this penaunce. Guiltless

Sire, couthe this woman of gile?”was this woman expert in guile “Ya, sche was a traitour vile And wel werse than an hound.” “Sire, mo swiche ther beth ifoundmore such are to be found line1515And thi self had on swich.one such She wil thee traie sikerlichbetray Yif thou dost after her red,follow her advice That thou dost thi sone to ded. should put your son to death That chaunce falle the ilicheMay that fate befall you similarly line1520That bifel the burgeis riche.” “Par fai, maister, that ware God right,may God prevent it I nel nowt do bi here tonight.”I’ll not follow her advice The child bileft stille in prisoun;remained The maister went out of the toun line1525And hadde mani a blessing For his disciple delivering.For delivering his disciple Whan men leke windowe and gate,locked Themperour com to chaumbre late.bedroom Themperice bigan to lourescowl line1530Lohtliche on themperoure.Terribly at “Dame,” he saide, “what haileth thee Swich semblaunt for to make me?” “Yit sschal hit falle ous so bitwene —It shall yet work out for us That mani a man hit sschal hit sene —see line1535As bitwene the leuedi and the stiwardsteward And the king in o foreward.”a contract “What forward was that? Telle hit me As thou wilt to me lef be.”If dear fol. 93ra“Nai, sire,” she saide, “hit his nowt worth,it’s not worth it line1540Mi tale ne mot nowt forth.must not [go] forth Telle ich thee ensaumple never so god, Thou me haldest of wit wod.mad of mind Therfore ich wille holde me stillekeep quiet And suffri wel that man thee spille.” you be killed line1545“Nai, dame, lat here thee speke And ich thee wille ful wel awreke,avenge So ich hit finde profitableProvided And soth, I seie, withouten fable.”truly

[Tale 7: senescalcus, the steward. The empress]

“Nou ben sene, sire, and ihere.[it will] be seen heard line1550A king was whilom of gret powere,formerly Al Poile and Calabre lond —Apulia Calabria Al he held hit in his hond. Wimmen he lovede swithe litelittle And usede sinne sodomighte. line1555So long he pleiede with yong man,men A swele in his membres cam than.swelling The skin might hit nowt helde,hold Ne he ne mighte himselve welde; carry He fil sik in Godes wreche.retribution line1560He let ofsenden him a leche;had summoned to him doctor In urine he segh he mighte libbe.(the doctor) saw live He laide a plastre under his ribbe,poultice Barli bred he et for gode,took as nourishment And barli water that was isode,barley boiled line1565Til he hadde of his membres bote.for a cure Than saide the leche: ‘Ar ye moteFirst you must Have womman to pleie arightindeed Yif ye wil be hol, aplight.’healed, in faith ‘I schal wel,’ and cleped his stiward,[he] called steward line1570And he com als a leopard. like ‘Lo me her, sire, what wil ye?’Look, I’m here do you want ‘But a lemman fech thou meOnly that you fetch me a lover That I might tonight with hire plai.’ So that her ‘I ne wot non, sire, in this contraiknow of none line1575That be thi bodi ligge dar,dare lie For thi los is boren so far,reputation borne That thine membres ben toswolle.’all swollen ‘Bihote hem pans an handfolle;Promise them pence Bihot twenti mark som leuediPromise twenty marks to any lady line1580O night for to ligge me bi.’For one lie Thanne thout that stiward coveitous:thought avaricious ‘That silver schal bileve with ous.’ remain us fol. 93rbTo his wif he went anon And saide sche most on his arnede gon.errand go line1585‘Bletheliche, sire, ac whiderward?’ Gladly where to ‘To the king,’ saide the stiward. ‘Thou schalt plaie with him in derk And winne ous gode twenti mark.’us ‘A, sire,’ sche saide, ‘fi! fi! line1590Hit is foul man to liggen bi[a] terrible man to lie with And that wot everich womman wel.’knows every ‘Thou schalt, bi Seint Michel. Who that selver winne nelle,doesn’t want to win Lese he mot with right skille. Must lose [it] rightfully line1595Thou sschalt ous the penies winne,for us Other I thee sschal drive out of min inne.Or house O nedes he sschal that nedes mot. Hit nis nowt mi wille, God hit wot.isn’t God knows But hit is skil, right and lawe,fitting lawful line1600To do bi me as bi thin awe.’ To the kinges chaumbre he went again And drof out bothe knight and swayn,drove attendants Blewe out the torches and let in his wif. To the king sche wente bilif.quickly line1605The fals stiward to bedde went, The king the leuedi in armes hent.took in [his] arms What helpeth hit ani more seid? That night he was ful wel apaid.satisfied The wrecche stiward ne might nowt slape,wretched might not sleep line1610Ac in the moreweinge he gan uprape. hasten out of bed To the kingges chaumbre he went saun fail.without fail The king that night hadde ben in travail —been at work In trewe love witouten arm —wrong And slep in the leuedis arm.slept arms line1615The stiward made moche sorewe Til hit were halfwai midmorewe.halfway through the morning He held himself mochel wrechche,wretched Thous the king bigan to wechche,So [he] began to rouse And saide: ‘Sire, up, up, hit is dai.[the steward] get up line1620Lat that leuedi wende awai.’Let leave The king saide: ‘I ne have no rape,hurry For me lest yit ful wel slapeI still desire to sleep And pleie twies and onesonce or twice For to hele mine bones.’heal line1625‘Nai, sire, hit is mi leuedi That al night hath laien thee bi.’ lay by you fol. 93va‘Belamy,’ he saide, ‘is hit thi wif?’Rascal ‘Yea, sire,’ he saide, ‘be mi lif.’ ‘O traitour, fiz a puteyn!son of a whore line1630Whi had thi wif bi me lain?’Why did your wife lie by me ‘Sire, for the winning of thi moné.’to win money ‘Therfore,’ he saide, ‘yvel mote thou the. Thou hast bitraid thi wif and me, Dwelle thou wil ich arisen be, line1635I schal thi vile false corsbody Do todrawe with wilde hors.have drawn by horses Out of mi lond I rede thou fleeadvise That I thee never eft isee.see again For abide thou min uprist,if you wait until I’m risen line1640Thou be honged, bi Jhesu Crist.’You’ll be Sire, thous the stiward les his wiflost And fley awai with mochel strif.fled suffering Iwis, he was al forlore,completely ruined He com agein nevere more.

line1645The king aros whan him listarose he desired And kep the leuedi with the best,kept in the best manner And held hire two yer other thre,kept her or three And sithen gaf hire, with riche fe,then gave her property To a riche erl of that lond. line1650Sche was nowt bicaught, ich understond.got the better of Sire, and so wil hit fare bi you Whan ye han loren youre vertu.have lost power Out of londe thou best idrive,will be driven Schal ich thee nevere ise whil I live.I’ll never see you [again] line1655No forse on me. After an emperourIt’s nothing to me Mai me wedde a vavasour.A minor noble may wed me I mai live a wel god lif Thai I be nowt an emperours wif.Even if Ac falle chaunce ase hardmay as hard a fate befall [you] line1660As dede the covaitous stiward That solde his wif for moné, But thou do als I rede thee.” Unless advise

“Par fai, dame, that is skil,In faith makes sense I wil do bi thee, yif God wil.”follow you line1665“Sire,” she saide, “withouten fail, Thou dost bi a god counseil.”You’re following a good counsellor

[Day 5]

Morewe cam, as yhe mowe here,The next day you may hear Themperour aros with foule chere.in a terrible mood Into his palais he wente yareat once line1670And his barouns he fond thare.met fol. 93vbBiforen hem alle in grete trayethem vexation He het mani a wikke boyecommanded His sone toward the dethe bringge.To take his son to his death Hit was ido withouten letting;done hesitation line1675Toward deth he was ibrout.brought Mani a man hit ofthout.grieved at it Thourgh Rome stretes, wide and side,Rome’s far and wide The ferthe maister ther com ride.fourth came riding Malquidras was his name, line1680In his herte was no game.levity His disciple louted him to,bowed The maistres hert brast negh for wo.almost burst for sorrow He went into the halle flet,onto the hall floor Themperour wel faire he gret.greeted line1685Themperour him missaide than.insulted “Merci, sire,” saide the wise man,Pardon “Sire, what have we thee misgelt?how have we wronged you Oure gode dede schal ben ivel igelt?” “Sire,” quath themperour, “be min hed, line1690Worthi art to suffri ded,[you] are suffer death For to thee and thine ferecompanions I bitok mi sone to lere,entrusted teach For to han itaught him god,have taught well And ye han imade him wod.mad line1695Mi wif he wolde have forlai,raped Therfore ye sschulle al dai.”all die “O, sire emperour of pris,renown In dedes thou sscholdest ben war and wis.prudent Yif thou wilt thi sone sloslay line1700Withouten assent of barons mo,more of your barons And for oure godnesse do us qued,treat us badly Swich a cas fal on thin heuedMay such a fate head As hadde the olde wise of his wive,wise [man] Er thou parte out of this live.”depart from line1705“O maister that was wel isaid. Hou was that olde man itraid?”betrayed “He was nowt bitraid, for he wis was.” “A! leve maister, tel me the cas.”dear story “Bletheliche, withouten strif,Gladly without hesitation line1710So thou respite thi sones lifProvided reprieve Til to morewe that hit be dai, Than I thee schal the tale sai.”tell Themperour Dioclician His sone agen hight fechche thanOrdered his son fetched back fol. 94raAnd into presoun he was icast.thrown line1716The maister ginneth his tale in hast.

[Tale 8: tentamina, the tests. Fourth sage, Malquidras]

“Whilom was a man old and wis Formerly [there] was And hadde inow of worldes pris.Who enough wealth In his youthe, in middel of his live, line1720He hadde iwedded two jolif wives. pretty He livede and bothe hem overbodoutlived both of them And was longe in his wideuhod.widowhood He livede so longe that he hor wasgray And hadde of womman no solas.pleasure line1725His serjauntz ofte to him comeattendants And of alangenes him undernome,for unsociability reproved And bad him take a wif jolif To solace with his olde lif.cheer up Bi her rede he tok a yong womman —On their advice line1730Ase wone is of old manis the habit Yong womman for to spouse,marry And thanne be wraw and gelouse. bad-tempered jealous Litel thai mai do, withouten gabbe,it’s no lie That yong womman wolde habbe.would keep line1735Also ferde that olde wise:In this way fared wise man He dede his wif wel smal servise.served his wife very poorly The yonge wif, upon a dai, Com to chirche, par ma fai, And fond hire moder thare,met mother line1740And tolde hire al of here kare,sorrow And saide: ‘Moder, I tholie a cas:am suffering situation Mi louerd doth me no solas.pleasure Ich moste have som other love.’ ‘Nai, dowter, for God above.daughter line1745Old men ben felle and queinteare deceitful crafty And wikkede wrenches conne ateinte.tricks know how to find out Misdo nowt, doughter, but do bi rede.’ ‘Lat ben, moder, for hit is nede.’ Give over something needs doing ‘Doughter, thi louerd hath o gardin,a line1750A wel fair ympe is tharin.shoot A fair herber hit overspredeth,arbor covers Al his solas therinne he ledeth.pleasure takes Nou ne bereth hit lef non.it bears no leaves And whan thi louerd is out igon,has gone out line1755Doughter, tak thi gardiner,summon And lat it hewe to the fer.have it cut for the fire And yif he saith to thee ani resoun,comment Answere him with this enchesoun:reason fol. 94rbThat thou dest, hit is for the nonesdid expressly line1760To warme bi his colde bones.’ ‘Dame,’ she saide, ‘hit sschal ben don.’be done Hom sche wente swithe anon And, al maugre the gardiner, despite [objections from] The ympe was hewe to the fer.cut for the fire line1765The gode burgeis was hom icome And goth to his gardin, as was his wone,goes habit And fond his ympe up ihewe.cut down ‘O,’ thoughte he, ‘her was a sscherewe.’ here shrew She saide sche dede hit for non armdid harm line1770But for he sscholde his bones warm. He hit tok on ivel strongtook it hard But he ne monede hit nowt long.mourned He wentte to bedde and tok solas;took comfort That night never the better hir nas.she was line1775The yonge wif another dai To chirche tok the righte waiquickest And fond eft hire moder thare,again And of blisse sche was al bare,bereft For neither be night no be dai line1780Hire louerd nolde with hire plai. ‘Ich mot lovie,’ she saide, ‘dame.’must love ‘O doughter, hit were gret sschameshame Yif thou sscholdest thi gode kendenature Thourgh dede of vilainie sschende.deed ruin line1785For yif thou dost a folie,foolish thing Thi louerd hit wile sone aspiespot And he him wolde fellich awreke. will foully avenge himself Herkne doughter what I schal speke:Listen A grai bichche thi louerd ginneth loviebitch loves line1790Over alle other bestes above.beasts And whan ye sit bi the glede,One day fireside And the bichche lith in thi grede,bitch lies lap Mak thee wroth and draw thi knif,Pretend to be angry And binim the bichche here lif.deprive of her line1795And loke thou be therafter queynt,clever And were thee with a wives pleint.’ protect yourself complaint The yonge saide hit sscholde be so.young [one] Hom ssche gan hire wai to go.her way Was hit nowt longe afterward It was not line1800The yonge leuedi and hire lord[when] The young lady Sete an even bi the fer;Sat in the evening Biforen hem stod here squier.them their fol. 94vaShe hadde on a pilche of prisfur pelisse great value And a chaisel theron, iwis.overgarment of fine linen line1805The bichche lai in hire barm,lap Sche plaide and hit dede here harm.did her Sche drow a knif and smot, struck The bichche daide, God hit wot,died God knows And pilche and cheisel al bibled.[were all] covered in blood line1810The lord ros and yede to bed. arose went For al hire wrenche and al here ginne,her trickery her cleverness The more love sche ne might awinne. She might not win any more love The thridde time to scherche sche wentchurch And hire moder ther sche fint,her met line1815And saide: ‘Dame, for al thi lore,teaching I finde love never the more.I’m no closer to finding love Moder, ich mot lovie algat.’must love nevertheless ‘Doughter, ich rede that thou lat. advise cease Ac, tel me, doughter, for God above, line1820What man hastou ment to love?’ were you intending ‘Dame,’ she saide, ‘the prest, bi skil.’priest, by rights ‘Nai, doughter, yif God wil, While thou might have squier or knight.’ ‘Nai, moder, mi trewthe I plight:promised line1825I nelle come in no knightes bedde.will not go to any He hit wile make wide ikedde,will make it widely known And I thee saie, sikerliche, The prest I mai love priveliche.’privately ‘Nai, doughter, her a queinte ginne,hear clever trick line1830Thi louerdes love hou schalt winne: how [you] shall Thi louerd schal sone make a festfeast Of riche men and honest. Thou schalt be bisaie that ilke dai.busy same Honge at thi gerdel mani a kaibelt key line1835And sette thee haiest ate bordsit yourself at the top of the table In a chaier agen thi lord.facing Thi kai in the cloth make thou fast; After, stirt up an hast.jump up Thai thou felle coppe other cloth,Though take down cup or line1840Go forth and strif nowt therof,pay no heed to that And than thou schalt sone isesee What therof wil be.’What the fallout will be The yonge wif to hire moder said: ‘Hit sschal be don, bi Marie maid,the Virgin Mary line1845And wite I sschal, moder, bi than,know from that Yif he wil plaie, that olde man.’ fol. 94vbWel sone therafter, sikerli, The olde knight and te leuedithe A wel fair feste thai made thare line1850Of frendes that hem leve ware.to them were dear Sire, what helpeth hit longe tale? The wif servede of bred and ale, And after set hire adoun sone. The kai made moche to-done,key to-do line1855For sche feld bothe cloth and cop.took down cup Natheles thai ware gadered up.Nevertheless gathered Swithe sore sche him atraid,Greatly annoyed Certes he was wel ivel ipaid. displeased Whanne the gestes weren at ais,guests at ease (i.e., after dinner) line1860Thai wenten hom fram his paleis. Morewe com — ac now ihere! —The next day listen to this! The louerd let make a gret ferefire And let ofsende a neyghebour,sent for Ich understonde, a god barbour,barber line1865And fet his wif forth fot-hotfetched hot-footedly And hire misdedes hire atwot,exposed her misdeeds to her And saide he moste chasti hire ginne,chastise her for her trickery For ivel blod was hire withinne. Hit moste be quik ilaten out,let line1870That ssche ne helde hire nowt so stout. Wer here lef, were hire loth,Whether she liked it or not Of hire he spoiled everich cloth. Tho hire kertel was off idraweWhen tunic taken off Tho wende ssche wel to ben islawe, line1875And saide she sscholde die also swithe,would die right there For she never lat blod in hire live;had never let life Therof ne stod him non owe.Of that he had no fear He rent hir smok to the elbowetore smock And sithen set hire on a stol, line1880For he ne wolde nowt ssche were a fol,he didn’t want her to be a fool And gan to smiten hire on the veyn, strike vein And sche bledde with gret meynmuch moaning Grete disschfolles two.Two big dishfuls Als swithe here arm was staunched tho, line1885He dede that other arm forht drawe. Than wende sscho wel to ben islawe And loude ssche gan to wepe and crie. ‘Hit helpeth thee nowt, be Seinte Marie.’There’s no point by The barbour in the veyne hire smot, struck her line1890Sche bledde wel til ssche was hot fol. 95raThe thridde disscful upright;dishful up to the brim Anon she les colour and might.lost vigor The louerd hit segh and dede hire staunchehad her bandaged up And in a bed he dede here launche,throw line1895And saide: ‘Thries thou breddest wod,Three times raved Therfore thou bleddest thre disschfoul of blod. And yif thou bredest wod ani more, Yit I sschal dubble thi sore.’double torment Sche wende to deghe, sche was agast,thought she was going to die line1900And sent after here moder on hast. Hire moder com and sche saide: ‘A, mercy, moder, for Mari maide,the Virgin Mary I schal deghe, nou red me red.’ die advise me ‘Doughter, what schal that ised?what does this mean line1905Thou most me telle what is this.’ ‘Mi louerd me hath negh slawen, iwis.almost slain For mine thre unwrast dedethree wicked deeds Thre disschfol of blod he let me blede, That I ne mai live, bi Godes ore.’So that I may not live mercy line1910‘Doughter, lest thee love more?’do you still want to love ‘Nai, moder, bi God almight,almighty I nelle neither lovie clerk ne knight.’ will love neither nor ‘No, doughter, I seide ful wel That olde men beth queynte and fel.crafty mean line1915Thai conne more qued bithencheevil think up Than thou kanst do with ani wrenche. trick Hold thee to thine hosebounde And thou sschalt have al the mounde.’world Lo sire,” quad Malquidras,See line1920“Ne was this a wonder cas?Wasn’t this a wonderful story Thries misdede this womman baldbold And thre vengaunces he hire yald.gave her for it Therfore sche hadde elles idon, That had ben werst of everichon. line1925The prest hi kaste hire love to, That noman might have undo. So fareth the quen with hire resoun,behaves queen arguments With hire lesinges and fals tresoun,lies Thi sone to deth for to bring. line1930Ac yif thou levest hire lesingbelieve her lying Than thee falle a werse aprisemay a worse lesson befall you As dede to that elde wise.” old wise man

“Par fai, maister, that ware lawe,low To dai ne schal he nowt be slawe.”not be slain fol. 95rbThe maister out of toune rit,rides line1936The child bileft in prisoun pit.remained dungeon The dai is gon and comen the night, Themperour wente to chaumbre, aplight.in faith His emperice ther he fond,met line1940Sore wepe and wrong hire hond.[she] Loudly wept wrang hands “Ma dame,” saide themperour, Whi makest thou swich scher and foul lour?” “Sire, no wonder though ich am wroth, it’s no wonder if angry Thou dost thing that me is loht.is hateful to me line1945Thou levest tales of losengrie,believe deceit Of falsnesse and of trecherie. So dede Cressus the riche man: Gold and silver to wille he wanas much as he wanted Bi losengerie and bi engin,deceit trickery line1950Ac hit turned him to evel fin.”resulted for him in an end “Ma dame,” he saide “tel that me, Of sire Cressus, hou ended he?” “Bletheliche, sire, so mot ich thee,so may I thrive So that ye wil the better be.

[Tale 9: Virgilius, Virgil. The empress]

line1955Virgil was whilom a clerkformerly That coude of nigramancie werk.knew how to perform black magic He made a fair conjuringspell Amideward Rome cheping In the middle market That no man quenche ne mightput out line1960With no water, I you plight.promise Alle the poure men of the londpoor Warmed hem therbi, fot and hond,themselves at it And made here mete bi that fir;cooked their food fire That was a thing of gret matir.matter line1965And ther biside on a donjoun castle He kest a man of cler latounput shining metal And in his hond an arblast heldand,holding a crossbow And therinne a quarel taisand,aiming a bolt And in his foreheued was writen with blacon forehead line1970Lettres that this word spak:these words ‘Yif me smiteth ani man,strikes I sschete him anon ogan.’will shoot back So hit bifel on a dai A Lumbard com with gret noblai Lombard pomp line1975And seth the merveile, saunz dout,sees without doubt And saide to the folk about: ‘Wil ye that I smite this manDo you want me to strike To loke what he do can?’see fol. 95vaAnd thai saide ‘ya’, and he him smette. yes struck line1980The ymage in the fir sschette;statue into the fire shot The fir aqueinte for evere mo.was put out Sire, was this wel ido?”done “Nai, dame,” he saide, “bi hevene king,the king of heaven That was no rightwis doing.” virtuous line1985“No sire,” she saide, “withouten fail. Ac Virgil dede yit more mervail. marvellously Upon the est gate of the touneast He made a man of fin latounsuperior metal And in his hond of gold a bal.golden ball line1990Upon the gate on the west wal Virgil kest an ymage otherput statue Right als hit were his owen brother,as if That al the folk of Rome saidSo that With that bal togider thai plaid. line1995That on hit hente, that other hit threw,One of them caught Mani a man the sothe iknew. Amideward the cité on a stageplatform Virgil made another ymage statue That held a mirour in his hond line2000And oversegh al that lond.[it] surveyed Who wolde pes, who wolde bataille Quik he warned the toun, saunz faile, Aboute Rome seven jurneys. Thous he warned, night and dais,watched line2005And tho that were rebel ifounde,those found to be rebels The Romains gadered hem in a stounde.gathered them up immediately Thai wente thider quik anonout there And destrued here fon.destroyed their enemies The kyng of Poile hadde gret envieApulia line2010That the Romayns made swich maistriewere so masterful For he ne mighte for non nedecould not for anything Agen Rome in batail spede,prosper That he ne was ever more biwraid, Without always being betrayed Overcomen, venkud, and bitraid.vanquished betrayed

line2015Upon a dai he send his sondsent summons After alle the wise men of his lond, And tolde hem alle his grevaunce, them And saide he wolde hegliche avauncerichly reward Who might that ymage fel adoun:Whoever statue cast down line2020He wolde him yif his warisoun.would give recompense Twei clerkes, brether, that were in Rome brothers That maistri on honde thai nome,work in hand took fol. 95vbAnd the king hem made seurmade pledges to them Of warisoun and gret honeur.recompense line2025Thai dede the king fille twei forcershad two strongboxes Of riche gold and of clerssparkling things And dede hit lade with privetéhad them taken secretly Into Rome that riche cité. That o forcer thai dolven nowt lateOne strongbox buried quickly line2030In Rome ate est gate Under the ymage that the bal held. This was a dede queinte and beld.clever bold That other forcer ful of gold Thai bidolven in the moldburied earth line2035Under the west gate that noman wist —without anyone knowing This was a dede of queint list. deed clever cunning Amorewen thai sschewed hem in Rome appeared And biforn Sire Cressus come, And said: ‘Al hail, sir emperour, line2040It falleth to thee tol of tresour. We conne to do thee understondeare able to inform you Of hid tresor in thi londe.hidden Yif thou wilt half parte with ous,share us Thou sschalt hit have, Sire Cressus.’ line2045Themperour saide: ‘That I not.I know nothing about that Ich have forlorn that everi grot, lost every penny And therfore frendes I graunt you That ye mai finde with youre vertuOf whatever intelligence The halvendel in alle thingge.half-part of everything line2050Go we aboute the findinge.’Let us go ‘Nai, certes,’ saide the elder brother, ‘Arst we mote don another.First must do something else Ich mot mete a sweven tonight, must dream a dream And tomorewen, whan hit is light,when line2055Sire, thou sschalt have thine wille.’ Thous thai were that night stille. Sone amorewe with god ententgood intentions Sire Cressus to the est gate went. The clerkes dolven in the molddug earth line2060And fond a forcer ful of gold,found And gaf hit up to themperour,gave And he hit feng with gret honur.received Amorewe the yonger saide wel even:younger [brother] in fact ‘Sire tonight me mette a sweven:I dreamt dream line2065A richcher forcer than thatmore impressive We sschulle finde ate west gate.’ fol. 96raQuik wente thider themperourover there And hise barouns of gret honur, And ther thai dolven in the gronde,dug line2070A riche forcer ther thai founde Ful of red gold igrave,pure, engraved gold And up to themperour thai hit gave. Themperour held hem so wise,them In al the werld was hire pris. line2075Than swor the eldere: ‘Bi blod and bones,older [brother] Have ich tonight imet ones,If I dream but once I schal thee finde tresor, I telle, Is non richer fram hennes to helle.’here to hell Thai yede to bedde and risen amorewe,went line2080Themperour to mochel sorewe.Much to the emperor’s misfortune Than saide the elder to themperour: ‘Under the ymage that halt the mirourholds In al Poile ne RomanyeApulia Roman Empire Ne is so mochel tresorie.treasure line2085Moste we delve therunder,If we may dig Thou sscholdest habbe gold a wonder.’wonderful amounts of gold ‘Nai,’ quath themperour, ‘for eghte nonno wealth whatsoever That ymage wolde ich misdon.’would I cause harm Than seide the yonger to themperour: line2090‘Ther is al Virgiles tresour. We sschulle the ymage so undersettesupport That we ne sschal hit no thing lette,damage And whan we han the gold in the grounde,have We sscholle hit make as we hit founde, line2095For we beth mazouns queinte of cast.’masons skilful Than saide Cressus: ‘Goht an hast.’ Go quickly Thai bigonne hire werk saunz doutwithout fear And sette postes al about, And bigan to mini under.mine line2100Herkneth now a selkouth wonder!marvellous Thai torent ston fram ston,tore The fondement tobrast anon.foundation burst apart Al dai thai mined doun right Til hit come to the night. line2105On the morewe thai saide to Cressus stille: ‘Of gold thou sschalt have thi wille.’as much as you want Themperour wente to his palais, Clerkes also and mani burgeis — Ech man wente to his inne.resting place line2110The clerkes thoughte another ginne.trick fol. 96rbWhanne ech man slepen, grete and smale,everyone slept The clerkes to the stage stalewent to the platform And bet a fir strong and sterk.whipped up a fire intense The fir fleghth up into the werkflew line2115And falsed the siment and the ston.broke down cement The ymage overthrew anon.fell down And tho the clerkes seghen this,when saw Awai thai flowen, forsothe, iwis.fled Amorewe themperour aros,arose line2120Of this dede him sore agros.he was terribly frightened In his herte was kare and howe,worry fear Awai he wolde han iflowe.would have fled The smale and the poeple of Rome commoners To sire Cressus thai nome soneseized line2125And tolde him for coveitisecovetousness He hadde iloren Romes prise.lost prize possession Thai ladde forth in that stoundeled [him] at that time And to a table fast him bounde, And red gold quik thai melte,pure gold melted line2130And nose and mouht ful thai heltemouth poured And eren and eyen also,ears Therwhiles a drope wolde in go,For as long as a drop would fit And seide: ‘Sire, for Godes love, Thou hast mad thral that was above. line2135Nou artou ful, nou make thee heit! you are full gee up Nou wiltou nammore coveit.’you will no more covet Nou is he ded with mochel schame.” “O, thou seist soth,” he saide, “dame.” “Ya, sire, for his lesinggeslies line2140That he leved twaie false gadelingesbelieved [of the] two rascals He turned to wel ivel fin.had a terrible ending Sire, swich sschal be ending thin.” “Nai, dame,” he saide, “yif God wile.” “Yis, sire,” sche saide, “bi right skile,indeed line2145For thou levest wel flateriebelieve That the maistres conne to thee lie.tell you in their lies And desire to make thin air(the masters) desire heir He that sschal thee schende vairdestroy truly For he is the fendes chike;devil’s offspring line2150Therwhiles he liveth thou mai sike.” While sicken “Dame, I sschal kepe me fram kare.save myself from sorrow Right tomorewe he sschal forthfare.”go forth (be killed) “Sire,” sche saide, “bi Seint Michel, Thanne dost thou wisliche and wel.”wisely

[Day 6]

fol. 96vaMorewe com, as ye mowe here,may hear line2156Themperour aros with wroth chere,in an angry mood And to his paleys he gan wende.went Right biforen his barouns hende He let brenge forht his owen sone,had brough forth line2160And whan he com out of prisoun, Amideward Rome tounThrough Than com riden maister Catoun.riding The folk of Rome on him gan criecried And saide: “Catoun, kithe thi maistrie,show skill line2165Help thi disciple in this nede.”dire situation Catoun light adoun of his stedealighted from steed And grette themperour on his kne,greeted And unethe he wold him se, He seide to him: “Maister Catoun, line2170Thou hast me don wel gret traisountreason For to thee and thine ferecompanions I bitok mi sone to lere.entrusted for teaching Ye taughte him to nimen forth min emperice.”abduct “Sire,” quath Catoun, “swich wordes beth nice.”foolish line2175“And his speche is forlore.”he can’t speak “Nai, sire, and he finde youre grace bifore.provided he finds your grace Thi wif wolde he forlain have nowt,he would not have raped Yif thou hit levest, thou art bicought.believe deceived Ac yif thou do thi sone duresse,cause your son to suffer line2180On thee falle swich a destresseMay such distress befall you And swich a maner vileyniesuch villainy As hadde the burgeis for his pie.”magpie “O maister,” he saide, “what, what? I thee praie, tel me that.” line2185“Sire,” he saide, “what helpeth hit mi sawe,what use is my story Yif thi sone therwhiles beth islawe? Ac let him fechche quik againhave him fetched alive And I thee sschal mi tale sain.”tell

The emperour of Rome, Dioclician, line2190His sone he het fechche anon.commanded to be fetched Nou everich man that loveth his hale,well-being Lestne wel Catones tale!Listen well to

[Tale 10: avis, the bird. Fifth sage, Catoun]

“A burgeis was in Rome toun,burgess (citizen) [there] was A riche man of gret renoun. line2195Marchaunt he was of gret avoirwealth And had a wif was queint and fair.clever But sche was fikel under hir lokfickle within her own chamber And hadde a parti of Eve smok. fol. 96vbAnd manie ben yit of hire kinne[there] are her kindred line2200That ben al bilapped therinne. wrapped up in it The burgeis hadde a pie in his hallemagpie That couthe telle tales alle Apertlich, in Freinch langage, Clearly French And heng in a fair cage,[it] hung line2205And seth lemmans comen and gon, sees lovers And teld hire louerd sone anon.told And for that the pie hadde isaidBecause of what The wif was ofte ivel ipaid;poorly satisfied (i.e., dissatisfied) And the burgeis lovede his pie, line2210For he wiste he couthe nowt lie. So hit bifil upon a dai, The burgeis fram home tok his waileft home And wente aboute his marchaundise.business The wif waited anon hire priseopportunity line2215And sente here copiner fore,for her lover And whanne he com to the halle dore, He ne dorste nowt in hiedidn’t dare hurry in For the wreiing of the pie.Because of the accusations The wif him bi the hond hent,took him by the hand line2220And into chaumbre anon thai went. The pie bigan to grede anon:croak ‘Ya, now mi louerd is out igon,has gone out Thou comest hider for no gode.here I schal you wraie, bi the rode.’ reveal your secret cross line2225The wif thought schent she was.ruined A wrenche she thoughte nathelastrick And clepede a maide to make here bed,called her And after, bi hir bother red,their joint contrivance A laddre thai sette the halle to,set against the hall line2230And undede a tile or two.loosened Over the pie thai gan handelmanipulate A cler bacyn and a candel.shining basin A pot ful of water cler Thai sschadde upon the pies swer.poured neck line2235With bacyn beting and kandel lightthe banging of the basin Thai bobbed the pie bi night,tricked And water on him gan schenche —poured This was on of wommannes wrenche. one tricks Tho the dai dawen gan,When day dawned line2240Awai stal the yonge man.stole Men unlek dore and windowe;Folk unlocked The pie him sschok with mochel howe,shook himself distress fol. 97raFor ssche was fain that hit was dai.glad The copiner was went his wai.lover line2245The gode burgeis was hom icome;arrived Into the halle the wai he nome.took the way The pie saide: ‘Bi God almight,almighty The copiner was her tonighthere And hath idon thee mochel sschame, line2250Imad an hore of oure dame.Made a whore And yit hit had ben tonightalso Gret rain and thonder bright. Sehthen ich was brid in mi nestSince I ne hadde nevere so ivel rest.’ line2255The wif hath the tale iherdheard And thoughte wel to ben amered,be ruined And saide: ‘Sire thou hast outrageyou’d be mad To leve a pie in a kage.believe Tonight was the weder fair and clerweather line2260And the firmament wel fair,sky And sche saith hit hath ben thonder.it thundered Sche hath ilowe mani a wonder.blurted out But ich be awreke of here swithe,If I don’t get my revenge soon Ne schal I never ben womman blithe.’happy line2265The godeman askede his neghebours Of that night and of the ourshour by hour And thai saide that al that night Was the weder cler and bright. The burgeis saide the pie line2270Ne scholde him nammore lie.would lie to him no more Nammo wordes he thar spak,spoke then But also swithe his nekke tobrak. there and then broke And whanne he seth his pie ded For sorewe coude he no red.For his regret he found no remedy line2275He segh hir wete and his cage;saw [that she] was wet He thoughte of gile and of outrage. He wente him out, the ladder he segh,saw And up to the halle rof he stegh.roof climbed The pot with the water he fond — line2280That he brak with his hond —broke And manie other trecherie That was idon to his pie. He went him doun, withouten oth,assuredly In his herte grim and wroth.fierce angry line2285And with a god staf ful sketgood staff immediately His wif ate dore he betat his wife’s door beat fol. 97rbAnd bad hir go that ilche dai On alder twenti devel wai. Lo sire,” he seide, “for a foles redLook because of a fool’s advice line2290The pie that saide soht was ded.told the truth Hadde he taken god conseil,(the burgess) taken good counsel His pie hadde ben hol and hail.safe and sound And also fareth thin empericeoperates Thourgh here resoun sscherewed and nice.her discourse shrewd cunning line2295Sche goth aboute, dai and night, Thi sone to dethe for to dight.condemn to death And he be ded, verraiment,If he were dead, truly Ne worth ther non amendement.there would be remedy Bi here rede ne do thou nout,According to her advice line2300Yif thou do, thou art bicought. deceived Al the werld thee sschal despise Yif thou do bi here and lete the wise.” act following her leave Anon themperour saide than: “Catoun, bi him that made man, line2305Don ich wille after thi sawe;according to your teaching Todai ne sschal he nowt be slawe.”not be slain The schild bileft in prisoun.remained Upon his palefrai lep Catounleapt And hadde mani a blessing line2310For his desciples delivering.On account of

The night is comen, the dai is gon, Themperour wente to chaumbre anon. His quen thanne agen him namcame up to him With semblant ase a wroth wimman.With the face of an angry woman line2315“Dame,” he saide, “pluk up thi cher,mood Other tel me whi thou makest swich cher.”Or why you’re pulling that face “Hit nis no wonder, sire, bi hevene,It’s no wonder Thee sschulle sschende thi maistres sevenemust destroy That maketh thee to love thi fo,enemy line2320Forthi ich wille nou fram thee go.That’s why I want to leave you Ac yif thou dost more bi hire leving,continue to follow their opinion Falle on thee ase dede on Herowde the kingMay the [same fate] befall That les his sight in wonder wise;lost in a marvellous way Therfore thou might sore agrise.”At that take terrible fright line2325“Dame,” he saide, “on ech manere,absolutely That ilche tale ich moste here.”same must I hear “Bletheliche sire, so mot ich thee,as I thrive, i.e., on my life So that yhe wolde the better be.you will become better

[Tale 11: vii sapientes, the seven wise men. The empress]

An emperour was in Rome, line2330The richest man of Cristendome. fol. 97vaHerowdes was his righte name,Herod Wide isprongge his riche fame.traveled impressive He hadde with him seven wise,wise men Als ye han, of grete prise.As you have reputation line2335Al that themperour dede or thout,did thought Bi here conseil al he hit wrout. According to their advice did So her was arered in this toun,here established Bi here rede and bi hire costom,their advice their That who that mette a sweven anight,whoever dreamt a dream at night line2340He scholde come amorewe, aplight, And brenge a besaund to offring,bezant (gold coin) as an offering And of his sweven have undoing.the interpretation So longe thai used this errourfollowed this erroneous procedure Thai were richcher than themperour. [that] They line2345So hit bifel upon a dai, Als he went upon his plai,he (the emperor) went And whan he com to Rome gate,the gates of Rome And wolde wenden out therate,wanted to leave there He bicam blind so ston. as blind as a stone line2350His maistres he ofsente anon,summoned And asked whi he might nowt se Whan he sscholde out of Rome te. wanted to leave Rome Thai asked respit a fourten night, for a fortnight’s respite Bi than thai trowede that thai mightbelieved line2355In hire bokes finde resountheir an explanation And answeren him with right enchesoun.correct answer Respit thai hadde of themperour. He wente him hom to his tour And the maistres hom went, line2360And hire bokes went and trent,their searched back and forth Ac thai ne couthe nowt ifindefind out Whi themperour was blinde. Thai soughte conseil fer and neghfar and near Ase man that is queinté. wise line2365So on a dai after thanthat Thai mette with an hold man old And tolde him al hire conseil,their case And he answered saunz fail: ‘In al the werld nis man liviind[there] is no man living line2370That couthe you that sothe find, But yif hit ware child onUnless it were a child That never hadde fader non. For he can telle sothes alle That ben don in bour and halle.chamber and the hall fol. 97vbYif yhe that schild finde moweyou may line2376He schal you telle, ich wille avowe.’swear The maistres wolde no leng abide,longer wait To seche the schild thai gonne ride.seek out On a dai thai com ther Merlin pleid where line2380And on of his felawes him traid,one annoyed And he was wroth, and maked a res,[the fellow] was angry insult And cleped him sschrewe faderles,called a fatherless shrew And saide he was of the fendes kinde,of the devil’s kindred Hise felawes ever misdoinde.always mistreating his fellows line2385‘Datheit have thou,’ quath child Merlin,Curses ‘Al to loude thou spak thi Latin. too Seve maistres I se her come,Seven see here That han me sought al fram Rome.all the way Thai han with me mochel to done, line2390Ich wil hem helpe swithe sone.’ help them With that com a man of that lond And brought a besaund in his hond To whom that Merlin saide thous:thus ‘Man, thou art ful merveilous.most strange line2395Thou woldest have undoingwant the interpretation Of thi tonightes meting;your dream last night Forthi thou woldest that o besaund offer. Bere hit hom into thi cofferTake And I sschal telle and nowt ne lie line2400What thi meting signefie.dream signifies Thou mettest tonight in thi donghel dunghill Sprong a water out of a welSprang jet fountain That was of swithe god savour,pleasant flavor And servede thee and thi neyghebour.served line2405I wil thee saie the sothe word:interpretation The welle bitokneth a gold hord.betokens hoard Go delve anon in thi donghel,dig Thou sschalt hit finde swithe snel.’quickly Thanne he dalf therinne anon,dug line2410And fond of gold ful god won.great plenty He gaf the maistres of the gold,gave Ase moche ase thai nime woldwanted to take And also his neghebour: He made him riche of that tresour. line2415But Merlin saide, bi hevene king,the king of heaven He wolde therof no thing.

The maistres out of toune nometook [their way] And ladden Merlyn toward Rome,led fol. 98raAnd asked him with milde mouthehumbly line2420Yif he the sothe telle couthecould Whi themperour might nowt seWhy see Whanne he sscholde out of Rome te.wanted to leave Rome ‘Ya,’ saide Merlin, ‘sikerli,Yes Ich kan telle him ful wel whi.’very well line2425The maistres were glad of this And to Rome thai went, iwis. The dai was comen that hem was set,was appointed to them Anon with themperour thai met And saide: ‘The dai is comen of answeriing.’ line2430Quath Herowdes: ‘That is soth thing. Tel me hastilich and sketswiftly Thing that yhe me bihet.’What you promised me ‘Lo, sire, we han a schild ibrowtLook brought That schal thee telle al thi thowt.thought line2435Lo her, sire, a litel pagehere boy That schal sai thee thi corage.’ tell you your desire Quath themperour: ‘Of lime and lond,risking mutilation and loss of land Wil ye his tale take an hond?’vouch for his interpretation ‘Ya, on al that we have or have mowe,may have line2440The childes tale we wil avowe.’vouch for ‘Tel me,’ he saide, ‘child Merlin.’ ‘Sir, lad me arst to chaumbre thin.’lead first Themperour him ladde anon Into his chaumbre of lim and ston,stone masonry line2445And whanne thai were therinne ischet,shut up in there Merlin his tonge with wit whet,whet his tongue with wit And spak to themperour: ‘Thou hast,’ he saith, ‘her in thi bour,here chamber Fer under thi bed adoun,Far line2450A gret boiland cauderounboiling cauldron With seven walmes boiland.bubbles boiling The walmes han thee ablandblinded And therwhiles thai boilland be,while Sire, thou ne schalt never ise, see line2455And yif thai mai ben queint aright,extinguished Thou might wel have thi sight.’ Themperour had wonder of this And let remue his bed, iwis,had removed And tok ten men other twelve, line2460And het hem in the grounde delve.commanded them to dig Thai deden ase here louerd hem hetdid commanded And dolven alle there ful sket.dug fol. 98rbThai ne hadde dolven but a stoundeonly That the caundroun was ifoundeWhen line2465That hadde right walmes seven.indeed Tho was ileved the schildes steven.Then believed exposition

Quad themperour: ‘Forsothe iwis, Bi thee I wil don after this.I will follow you Ac telle me, child, som resouns:explanations line2470What bitokneth this boilouns?’do these bubbles betoken ‘Sire, do out thi folk ichon,send out all your people And ich wil thee telle swithe anon.’ Themperour anonright Drof out bothe clerk and knight.Drove line2475Thanne beginneth the child Merlin To telle themperour swich Latin: as follows ‘Sire,’ he said, ‘bi God in heven, Thise boilouns that boilen sevenseven boiling bubbles Bitoknen thine seven wisewise men line2480That han iwrowt agen the assise.worked against tradition Thai han arrered custumes neweestablished That thee mai wel sore rewe.you may very sorely regret Be hit other clerk or knight,[every man] Whether And him mete a swevene anight,If he has a dream at night line2485He cometh amorewe, ich understonde, And brengeth a besaund in his honde And to the maistres hire swevene telle.tells their dream Thai hit undo after her wille —interpret according to their desire Thai respounde ase hem liketh,as pleases them line2490Thous thai mani man biswiketh.many a man deceive And for that ilche senne, I findesame sin That thou art bicome blinde.’ ‘Nou tel me child thin entent,opinion What mai me to amendement?’How can I make amends line2495‘Leve sire, for mi love,Dear Bi on of hem mi tale prove.On one them test Leve sire, taketh themprise,tackle the task And taketh the eldest of the wise.wise men Lat smite atwo his nekke bon:Have his neck bone struck in two line2500The grettest walm schal quenche anon.’be extinguished Themperour dede be the schildes lore,according to teaching The eldest maister was slein therfore. His heued was into the caundroun cast,head thrown The greste walm queynte on hast.was extinguished line2505Tho themperour wiste this,knew He let sle alle sevene, iwis. had slain fol. 98vaThe water bicom faire and lithe,calm Themperour therof was blithe.glad Anon he wichss therof his hond,washed his hands line2510And overseth al the lond. governs And sire, so fare maistres thine; Thai schul thee bringe to mochele pine:great suffering Thai han so iblent theeblinded That thou might nowt that sothe ise.see line2515Ac yif thou dost more bi here rede,their advice To swiche blendnesse mote thai thee ledemay they lead you As hadde Herowdes the king, That was negh browt to ivel ending.” almost

“Nai, dame,” he saide, “thou art wilde; line2520Fram swiche schame God me schilde.keep me Fro hem I schal me ful wel kepe,Against them protect Of hem ne give I nowt an hepe.”For them I don’t care one bit “Sire,” sche saide, “thou hast god right. Thai ben about, dai and night, line2525Thee to bigile and bitraie.”

[Day 7]

Cokkes crewe and hit was daie.Cocks crowed Themperour aros anon And wente to his halle of ston, And ase themperour, verraiment,when truly line2530Hadde given his sone juggement,son’s The sexte maister com into the halle, And hendeliche he grette hem alle,courteously greeted And saide: “Sire, thou art wel nicefoolish To leve so mochel thin emperice.believe line2535Whanne thou levest hire sobelieve her That thou wilt thi sone slo,slay Thanne mot hit so fare bi theemay As bi a sschereve of this countré,sheriff That hirt his wif with a knifhurt line2540In the wombe; she les hire lif.”belly lost Quath themperour: “In alle maner,By all means That ilche tale ich moste her.”same must hear “Leve sire, what helpeth mi tale,Dear what use is my tale Yif thi sone tholieth dethes bale?suffers death’s torment line2545Yif him todai longes restGive the length of today Ich schal thee telle a newe gest.I story Swich a tale I thee telle can Ne schaltou never leve wimman.”That you shall never believe Themperour hete him letcommanded it granted to him line2550And his sone agen fet.fetched fol. 98vbThe child was pult in presoun;thrown The maister ginneth his resoun.discourse

[Tale 12: vidua, the widow. Sixth sage, Gesse]

“Sire,” he saide, “thou might me leve.you may well believe me Hit was a knight, a riche sscherreve,There was sheriff line2555And had a yong jolif wif[he] had pretty That he lovede hire has his lif,as [much as] And ssche him, bi understonding,she Lovede him wel in alle thing. So on a dai him and his wifto him line2560Was igoven a newe knif —given knife Fair hit was and of egge scharp —sharp of blade And thai on gamen gonne carp.began to mess around The knight his wif in the wombe carf; cut in the belly For doel therof amorewe starf.grief [he] died line2565He dede gret foli, cert,did foolishness, certainly Or too tendre was his hert. Sone amorewe erlicheearly He was biwaked richeliche And wel faire browt on erthe[he was] buried most finely line2570After that he was werthe. According to what The leuedi saide for no wennenothing in the world Sche ne wolde never wende thennewould go from there But as hir louerd for hir daidedied Sche wolde be ded and bi him laide. laid line2575Here frendes seghen al that cassaw business And comen to hire to make solasher cheer her up And saiden: ‘Dame gent and fre,noble gracious Of thiselve have pité, For thou art fair and yong, saunz fail, line2580And maist the werld mochel avail.may be much use in the world Some knight thee wedde of noblaimay wed you high rank And have with him moche to plai,[you may] have merriment Gode children bigeten and faire.[and] Good children beget Gentil dame, debonaire,mild line2585Lete awai thi mourning,Leave And tak thee to som conforting.’find some comfort ‘That wil I do for no welefor nothing in the world Ac die ich wille on his beriele,’tomb She saide, ‘Allas and wailawo! line2590Nel ich hennes nevere go,I will never go from here Ne confort take never mo.’Nor ever more take comfort Here frendes were sori tho.Her then A logge thai made upon his grave hut For sche wolde ther bilave,remain fol. 99raAnd maked hire a ful fair fer,[they] made for her very fine fire line2596And fond hire that night stover,for her supplies And left here alone,her And sche made reuli mone.complained piteously That ich dai thai were inomesame arrested line2600The thre theves, bi commun dome.thieves to general approval The thre theves were knightes That were ihonged anonrighteshanged For thai hadde the countré anuweddisturbed And with robberie destrwed;ruined line2605Anhonged thai were alle thre. A knight of the countré held his feestate For to loke the thre knighttes In return for watching over Upon the galewes thre nightes.gallows for three nights He com to the galewes armed wel line2610Bothe in iren and in steliron steel For to make the ferst night ward.the first night’s watch The weder was cold and froward.inclement He was forcold and lokede aboutechilled And was war withouten doutenoticed line2615Of the fir in the chirchehawefire churchyard And thiderward he gan to drawein that direction draw For to have som warmyng, And fond the leuedi doel makyng,grieving And bad she sscholde late him in.asked her to let him in line2620She saide she nolde, bi Seint Johain.she wouldn’t Saint John ‘A yis,’ he seide, ‘leve dame,yes dear I nelle thee do harm ne sschame.’will do you neither He swor as he was gentil knight. Sche let him in anonright. line2625He sat and warmed him bi the fer, He biheld the leuedis cherexpression And segh swich semblant she madesaw her demeanor And saide: ‘Dame, thou art a gade, fool That thou mournest for the ded line2630That mai thee do nother god ne qued.neither good nor bad Confort thi self, pluk up thin herte, Swich mourning than wil thee smerte.is going to cause you pain Of this mourning thou hast unright;You are wrong to mourn so Thou scholdest lovye som gentil knightlove line2635That that thee might do sum solas.’ And sche saide: ‘Allas! allas! He was so smal and so gent, slender beautiful I ne mai love non other, verraiment.’may love none other truly fol. 99rbNe hadde he seten ther but a while line2640He thoughte men mighte don him gile. He priked to the galewes with his folerode little horse And fond that a thef was istole.had been stolen Tho was him wo, veraiment:Then he was sorry He scholde lese his avauncementwell-being line2645But he mighte finde the thridde,Unless third The thef that heng the twaie amidde.in the middle of the other two He thought that wimmen couthe red were good at giving advice To help men at her ned.their need She ne was nowt fer, but somdel negh,far somewhat near line2650He telde hire the sorewe that he dreghsorrow suffered And bisoughte hire of god conseilingasked her for good counsel For that he was in gret mourning.Because She saide: ‘Sire, ich wille helpe thee, So that thou wille spousi me.’ As long as marry line2655‘Yis, dame,’ he saide, ‘preciouse. Yif thou me helpe, ich wille thee spouse.’ She let here sorewe awai gonher sorrow And saide: ‘Help, lemman, anon,sweetheart Help delf up mi lord that was,dig former lord line2660He schal us helpen in this cas,predicament And honge we him in his entaile.’imitation [of the missing thief] Here red was don, saunz faille.Her advice Hit ne mai nowt ben forhole:kept secret Thai baren him forth for him was stole. line2665Thanne saide the knight to the leuedi: ‘Who mai this knight hongi?will hang I thee segge, bi hevene king,tell I nolde him honge for no thing.wouldn’t For yif ich hadde ihonged a knight,had hanged line2670I schol be coward icleped with right.’should called rightly ‘Sire,’ she saide, ‘ich wil fol fawemost gladly Heghe him honge and updrawe.’High hoist up The leuedi dede in wode gereput frantically A rop aboute hire lordes swere,rope her neck line2675And drow him up and heng him fast.hoisted securely The knight of hire dedes was agast, was astonished by her deeds And saide: ‘Dame, be gode mounde,by all the world The stolen knight hadde a wondewound In his heued that was biknawehead recognized line2680Wharbi him knewe heghe and lowe.high and low And but thi louerd swich on have,unless one I thee sai, so God me save,tell fol. 99vaSone withinne litel whileshortly Worht iparceived oure gile.’Our guile will be perceived line2685‘Sire,’ sche saide, ‘tak thi swerdsword And in the heued smit mi louerd.head strike Thanne schal hit ben non understonding But it was he that er thar hing.’ ‘Nai, dame, for moche ne lite,a lot or a little line2690The dede knight wolde I nowt smite.’ dead strike ‘No, sire,’ sche saide, ‘thi swerd me rechegive me And ich him schal, with min hond, techeshow Hou Godes grame com to touneanger Right amideward his croune.’ line2695The leuedi tok and smot with maynvigor Al amideward the brayn.Right in the middle of skull Thanne the knight wel understod That fals and fikel was hire blod, And saide: ‘Yit unliche he beth.Still he doesn’t look like him line2700Broken were his fore teth.’front teeth ‘Sire,’ sche saide, ‘smit hem out.’strike them ‘Nai, dame,’ he saide, ‘withouten dout.’ ‘Than wil ich,’ she saide, and tok a ston And smot hem out everichon. struck them all out line2705Whan this dede was idodeed done The leuedi saide the knight to: ‘Sire, now ich have iwonne thi love.’won ‘Nai, dame,’ he saide, ‘bi God above, For gold no silver, lond ne house, line2710Thi false bodi ne wolde I spouse.person I would not marry For also woldestou serve mein the same way would you Hase thou hast don thi louerd so fre.As Thou hast itawt me a newe rantaught tune That I schal never leve wimman.So that believe line2715For there thai make semblant fairest,when they seem fairest Thai wil bigile thee altherformest.’ best of all Sire, and on thee falle swich a striflet such trouble befall you Als dede the sscherreve of his wifAs Yif thou for thin emperice wild line2720Wolle sle thin owen child. Ac, sire, abid til another morewe,wait until tomorrow On hire sschal falle alle the sorewe.[and] On her And whanne thou herest thi sone speke,hear Rightfulliche thou him awreke.” Rightfully avenge him line2725Themperour saide: “So ich schal.” And thanne departed the curt al,court fol. 99vbSome to castel, and some to tour, Themperour wente to his bour.quarters Themperice made semblant illelooked angry line2730For sche ne hadde nowt hire wille. His owen men nathelasnevertheless Made wel god solas.Were rejoicing Themperour was browt abedde,brought to bed With riche baudekines ispredde.spread with rich cloths line2735Themperice him com to, Als sche was ar iwont to do:used to do “Sire, hastou owt herd the gestehave you heard the tale at all Whi men made folen feste?” [about] Why a feast for fools “Nai, dame,” he saide, “gent and fre, line2740I thee praie thanne telle hit me.”

[Tale 13: Roma, Rome. The empress]

“Sire,” she saide, “withouten dout, Whilom was Rome bilayn about,besieged With seven soudans biset,By sultans surrounded Wal and gate and castelet,turret line2745The honur of Rome for to abate,diminish And for to strwe Seinte Petres sate, destroy Saint Peter’s see That is to seie, Cristendom to felle,cast down And Cristen men to aquelle.put to death The folk hem ful wel held,acquitted themselves very well line2750Wise of speche, of dede beld.bold of deed ‘To seven wise men toke we this toun,entrusted To kep hit fram destructioun.’ Bi his rede hit was itakethis decree entrusted To seven wise men to biwake.keep watch over line2755A moneth thai kept hit, month Ase we findeth in the writ.records Whan hit com to the moneth ende,month’s Thai ne might hit no lenger defende, But ase thai dede a fair queintise —Except by means of trick line2760Herkneth now in what wise!way A man ther was, so seith the rime, goes the tale That hit Gemes in that time.was called He was on of the seven wise,one Ther he dede a fair queintise. line2765He let him make a garnement,had a garment made for himself Ase blak ase ani arnement,ink And heng theron squirel tail,hang tails A thousand and mo, withouten fail. A viser yit he made more,made moreover lineA2770Two faces bihinde and two bifore, [with] Two faces fol. 43rAnd two nosys in eyther halfe,in both halves lineE2787More horrybeler thenne any calfe,horrible calf And the tonge also there on rede,[painted] red As evyr was a brennynge lede. burning lead lineE2790He sent to the soudans, samfayle,sent [word] without fail He shulde be redy to byde batayle,[that] He was ready to fight And they answeryd alle in haste They shulde ben redy leste and moste.the least and the best A morowe come thys Junyus lineE2795And stode in a toure that het Crassus —was called The hyest toure that was ovyr the walle — That men myght see hym ovyr alle.So that Than hadde he made a woundyr merrourewonderful mirror And bare with hym into the toure,carried [it] with him lineE2800And uppon hys hede dede that vysoure,put mask And lokyd apon the merroure clere,looked into And two swerdys he ganne owte brayde,swords draw And skyrmyde faste and on layde,fenced attacked And made more noyse and boste lineE2805Thenne wolde a kyng and hys hoste.army fol. 43vThe Saresonys behelde hyt,Saracens They were ny woode and owte of wyt. almost went mad lost their wits The myrrowre grete noyse made, That alle they were in grete drade.So that dread lineE2810The gatys of Rome were uppe castethrown up And they went owte faste, And emperoure and hys men[the] emperor Slayne of them by nine or ten,Killed them in nines and tens And thys Junyus in his wyse,manner lineE2815Savyde Rome with hys quentyse.trick In a monythe that comythe in the yere,month year That men calle hit ,January The thereof, iwys, Junyus wrotte that ylke prys. wrought same achievement lineE2820And thus shulle the seven wyseshall Dyssayve thee thorowe hyr quentyse.Deceive through their cleverness Ye shalle be fayne, or ye sterve,glad die Oppon youre kneys them to serve,knees For in ham certeys ys alle youre tryste,them certainly trust lineE2825Ye wene eche of hem be as Cryste.” believe like Christ Whenne the emperoure hyrde hir spekeheard “Dame,” he sayde, “wylle ben awreke.”[you] will be avenged And sayde hys sone shulde be slawe,slain And hys maysters ihange an drawe.hanged and drawn lineE2830Anon commaundyd hym forthe brynge And sle hym withowte lettynge.delay And they lad hym thorowe the toune,As they led There come hys mayster Maxencyon And say that chylde to dethe warde.saw on the way to his death lineE2835He gretyd the emperoure with wordys harde:greeted “Syr,” he sayde, “withowtyn fabylle,fable Youre herte ys nothyng sadde ne stabylle.sober steady Nowe thou wylte thy sone slenedesire to slay And othyr whyle hym drawe and fleen,flay lineE2840Anothyr whyle thou wylt hym save:At other times Thys ys the maner alle of a knave. rogue And yf he mote tyl tomorowe lyfe,Provided he may fol. 44rFor alle thys worlde thou noldyste hym gyfe.you would not relinquish him Ye beleve too moche youre wyfes tale,tales lineE2845That bryngythe you in moche bale,trouble And yf thou done aftyr hyr rede,do according to her advice Thy fayr sone moste be dede.must be dead Ryght so mot hit fare by theemay it fare As fylle by an erle of farre contré.”befell far-away lineE2850“Nowe, mayster,” quothe the emperoure, “Telle me that tale for thy honoure.” “Yes,” quothe the mayster, “welle fayne.most gladly Thenne save thy sone certayne, And tylle tomorowe gyf hym respyte: lineE2855Thenne wylle he hym selfe aquyte.acquit himself Thanne shalt thou the sothe isee,see Ho hathe the wronge, thy wyf or he,Who For tomorowe he shalle speke And ryght fully thanne be awreke.”avenged lineE2860“I graunt welle,” quothe the emperoure, “By Jhesu Cryste oure savyoure. And whether of whom hathe the wronge,whoever of them He shalle in dethe dy stronge.die a terrible death Nowe, mayster, bothe curteys and fre,courteous gracious lineE2865Of that erlle thou telle me.” Nowe thynkythe the mayster for certayneplans To quyt the emperice tale agayne.repay the empress for her tale And hys ensampylle fayre he spake,exemplum fairly And put the blame apon hyr backe.upon her

[Tale 14: inclusa, the recluse. Seventh sage, Maxencyon]

lineE2870“Sir,” he sayde, “I wylle not lye,lie In the Kyngdome of Houngerye Hungary There was a woundyr doughty knyght,wonderfully And dremyde a dreme uppon a nyght[he] dreamed That he lovyd a lady fregracious lineE2875But he ne wyste in what contré.didn’t know But welle he wyste yf he myghtknew Uppon hyr have any syghtCatch a glimpse of her Of hyr he shulde have knowyngerecognize fol. 44vAnd that thorowe hys nyghtys dremynge.thanks to lineE2880And ryght so, syr, that lady free,In just the same way Suche a dremyng dremyde shedream That a knyght she had in honde, But she ne wyste in what londedidn’t know Ne in what contré was hys dwellynge; lineE2885For hym she made grete mornynge.mourning The knyght wente withowtyn lettedelay To seche the lady that he ofmette.look for dreamt of He ne wyste where to fynde that lady schene,didn’t know beautiful Therefore the more was alle hys tene.increased pain lineE2890Hys waye he rode monythys thre, for three months No tydyng yet of hyr hyrde he.heard So far hathe the knyghte hys way inome,taken That into Poyle he ys icome.Apulia There besyde a castelle he fondemet lineE2895An erle hit was, I undyrstonde.It belonged to an earl The erle hathe a gentyl wyfe That he lovyd as hys lyfe, And for gelous he lette hyr be settOut of jealousy had put In a toure welle faste ishytte.tightly shut lineE2900She come not owt day ne nyght To play hyr with swayne ne knyght.squire Anothyr erle agayn hym thothen Warred and dyd hym moche woo,Was waging war And thoughte to dystrye alle hys londe,destroy lineE2905And thought to halde hit in hys honde. And soo there come rydyng thys knyght That had sought the lady bryghte. He lokyd uppe into the toure And say that lady as whyte as flowre,saw lineE2910And anon as he hyr sayAs soon as saw He began to syng and make play,make music And whenne she hyrde hym syng there,heard Unnethe she myght forbereShe could scarcely refrain That she ne hadde callyd hym thore.From calling out to him then fol. 45rIn hyr herte she began to seke sore:sigh in agony lineE2916Sho wolde have callyd hym anon,She would But for hyr lorde she dryst not don,on account of didn’t dare That sate bynethe sykerly[her lord] Who Undyr the toure to make hym mery. making merry lineE2920The knyght come forthe withowtyn lette,stepped forward delay The erle in kneys he grette,on his knees greeted And sayde: ‘Syr, I am a knyght That in many contreys I was holde wyght.held to be brave But there I dar not com nowedare lineE2925For a knyghte that I there slowe, On account of slew And, syr, yf thy wylle be,if you so wish Here I wylle abyde with thee.’ stay ‘Welcome,’ sayde the erle tho,then ‘I have nede of thee and of mo,more lineE2930For many enemys I have withowte That dystryethe my londe aboute.’are destroying So that with the erle dwellyd that knyght And wan hys londe ayenne in fyght,won back his land battle And slayne hys enemys in fyghtynge.slew lineE2935The erle lovyd hym ovyr alle thynge And toke hym hys goodys into hys hande,entrusted And made hym stywarde ovyr alle hys lande.steward So oppon a day with moche honouresplendor The knyghte come playnge by the tourewas amusing himself lineE2940That the lady was yn idone.had been put in Sho lokyd owte and saye hym sonesaw And toke a letter iwretyn fulle ryghte, written very properly And caste hit downe before the knyght. The knyght toke the letter anon lineE2945And undyde hit and lokyd there on. He hadde wounder whoo hit threwewondered who had thrown it But thereby the lady he knewe, And that he shulde with hyr play For any thyng that any man couthe say. fol. 45vThe knyght thoughte hym fulle stylleto himself quietly lineE2951Howe he myght have hyr at wylle,as he wished And to the erle he went fulle evenne,directly And prayde hym to gyf hym levenneleave To make a chambyr byfore the toure lineE2955‘That may ben for my honoure.’ The erle thoughte non evyl thonsuspected nothing then And grauntyd the knyght to done son. The knyght toke workemen anon And made a chambyr of lyme and ston.stone masonry lineE2960Thenne thought he uppon sum quent gynne,clever trick Howe he myght to that lady wynne. Thenne was there a mason fre, The slyeste man that myght be.sliest The knyght aftyr the mason sent lineE2965And sayde to hym al hys entent:plan ‘May I telle thee of my prevyté?’secret ‘Ye, syr,’ sayde the mason fre, ‘Boldely, syr, your wylle ysaynesay what you wish And I shalle you nevyr bewreyne.’betray lineE2970The knyght sayde: ‘Sythe hit ys so,Since I wylle thee telle what thou moste doo.must For in thys toure there ys a lady That I have lovyd fulle hertely, And in that toure thou moste make lineE2975An hoole for that ladys sake,hole That I may loude and stylleSo that whenever I want Gon to hyr and doo my wylle.’Go The mason sayde hit shulde ben done And a prevy hoole he made sone.secret hole lineE2980Whenne he hadde done hys quentyse,executed his trick Fulle evylle he quyttyde hys servyse: The knyght hym slowe there, certayne,slew For he shulde hym not bewrayne.So betray And whenne he hadde don so sykerly lineE2985He went uppe to that fayre lady. Whenne sche hym sawe she made blys made merry fol. 46rAnd kyste many sythys, iwys,kissed times And wyste that hit was that gentyl knyght Of whom hyr dremyng was anyght.at night lineE2990‘Syr,’ she sayde, ‘welcome ye be,’ And so tyl hyr answeryde he,to And sayde: ‘Lemman lady,Lady lover God thee save allemyghty.’God almighty save you He toke hyr in hys armys two lineE2995And dyd with hyr that he wolde do. Whenne he hadde done hys lykynghad his pleasure The lady toke hym hyr golde ryngegave him For he shulde thyngke hyr uppon. So that think He toke hys leve and went anonleave lineE3000And wente as he cam certayne, And stoppyd the hole faste agayne,stopped up securely And to hys lorde he went yare, quickly Ryght as no thyng amys were.Completely as if amiss Thenne wasche they and went to metewashed dinner lineE3005And as they togedyr setesat The erle sawe hys golde rynge there And hadde grete wondyr howe hit were,should be For the erle hadde for grete love That golde ryng to hys wyf yove.given lineE3010The erle was curteys and welle ithaughtcourteous behaved And to the knyght sayde ryght naught.nothing But whenne the erle hadde etyn anon, Towarde hys towre he gan gone To wyt where the ryng was.find out lineE3015The knyght was ware of that casaware business And wente thedyr byfore certaynegot there before And toke the lady the rynge agayne.gave The erle com to hyr wel yarequickly And axyde of hyr howe she dyd fare.asked lineE3020The lady answeryd hyr lorde thenne: ‘Ishytt I am fro alle men,Shut away from Comforte of man have I no dele.in no part fol. 46vHowe shalle I thanne fare wele?’ ‘Lemman,’ sayde the erle tho,Lover then lineE3025‘Wher haste thou my golde ryng do?’put Tho answeryde that lady sone:Then ‘What have ye there with to done?What do you want with it Hyt ys not away, I say, trewly,It hasn’t gone anywhere Lo, here hit ys alredy.’Look lineE3030And shewyde hym the ryng samfayle,[she] showed without fail The erle hadde thereof grete mervayle, marveled greatly at it For lyke hit was that golde rynge That the knyght hathe, withowte lesynge.without lying (assuredly) The erle dwellyd wythe hyr al nyghte lineE3035For joye of the rynges syght,On account of And for alle that, withowtyn lye,lie Blereyd were bothe hys yee. A morowe he ros fulle erly And lefte a bedde that fayre lady.in bed lineE3040He sent aftyr that knyght presteimmediately To hunt with hym in the foreste. ‘Nay, certeys,’ sayde the knyghte tho,then ‘I may not nowe with you go, For me ys brought a newe thynge,piece of news lineE3045That ys goode to my lykynge, For my frendys have won my pespeace (i.e., forgiveness) In my contray, withowtyn les —lying Al with ryght and not with woo —wrong For a knyght that I dyd slo.slay lineE3050Myne owne lemman hathe me soughtsought me out And tydyng therof to me ibrought. Therefor, syr, tomorowe at metedinner I pray you, syr, with me to ete And comforte hyr as can ye.’entertain lineE3055‘Gladdely,’ quothe the erle so fre, ‘I wylle hyr chere and eke solas,entertain amuse Al that I may er that sho pas,before she goes on And to thy lemman thys same day fol. 47rI come to solas hyr that I may. lineE3060And whenne thee lykythe, sende aftyr me:whenever you want Anon I wol come to thee.’ And whyle the erle in the woode was For to hunt and have solas,enjoy himself The knyght hys owne howse gan dyghtprepare lineE3065With ryche clothys imade aryght,well made And aftyr that he gan to gon To that lady hym sylfe alone, And brought hyr into hys hous As thoughe hit were hys owne spouse,she lineE3070And made hyr done off hyr robe anontake off That she had tho hyr uppon,then And dyd on a robe of countray —put on a dress from his country Suche another they nevyr say,saw There was no man farre ne nyfar or near lineE3075That evyr aftyr that robe sey —saw And hyr fyngers he dyd upponUpon her fingers he put Ryche golde ryngys ful many on. Hyr hede he dyght fulle gaylychehead decked out handsomely With kerchyffes and with garlondys ryche.veils garlands lineE3080At shorte wordys, withowtyn mo,Briefly The knyght dygysyd hyr sodisguised That hyr lorde ne non othyr wyghtnor any other person Ne shulde knowe hyr aryght. recognize her properly Sone aftyr thys fro huntyng comefrom lineE3085The erle and hys mayny home.retinue [back] home The knyght hadde alle redy dyghtmade everything ready Mete and drynke inowe, iplyght.Food enough He fet the erle to hys hous thannefetched And made hym wasche with hys lemman,lover lineE3090And aftyrwarde togedyr hem set,sat them together And made hys owne wyf hys met.table companion The erle hyr comfortyd and welle wende hehe thought Hyt hadde ben a lady of farre contré,from a far away country And alle the whyle that he by hyr was, fol. 47vOfte he lokyd in hyr face, lineE3096And moche woundyr evyr hadde he What fayre lady hyt myght be, For she was moche lyke hys wyf That he lovyd as hys owne lyf. lineE3100And that lady nevyrthelasnevertheless Made the erle grete solas,Entertained well And bade hym ete and be glad, And evyr he sat as he were mad,like a madman And thoughte hys toure was so stronge lineE3105That no man myght done hym wronge,do Ne come to hys wyf at morne ne eveNor come morning or evening Withowte hys love and hys leve, permission And thought in herte fulle prevylychesecretly That meny woman ys othyr lyche,many women are like each other lineE3110Al as was thys golde rynge so freJust like the gold ring That he had iwent that hys hit had be:thought was his Amasyd he was of hys lady yongeAmazed by As he was of that golde rynge. by The knyght comfortyd the erle so fre lineE3115And bade hym ete and mery be. Thenne sayde the erle: ‘Knyght, for thy curtesy,i.e., if I may be so bold Of whennys ys thys fayre lady?’From where Thenne sayde the knyght with wordys fre: ‘Hyt ys a lady of my contré.She lineE3120She ys my lemman, withowte lesynge,assuredly She hathe me brought good tydynge And that I may wende hyr whytheAnd [tells] that return with her Into my contray in pes and grethe.safety Therefore, syr, I wyl home gone lineE3125To vysyte my frendys everychon.’all my friends Whenne they hadde etyn and made them glad, The erle in thought semyd mad Tylle that he in hys towre weretower To speke with that lady dere, fol. 48rFor lyke sho was that ladyshe lineE3131That sate hym by. Anon as the erle was iwentAs soon as had gone The knyght toke the lady gent And dyd on hir robe agayneput on lineE3135And lad hyr into the toure certayne.led Unnethe the knyght was agon,Scarcely had the knight gone That the erle cam in anon,When And there he founde hys lady In hyr chambyr alle redy. lineE3140Certes, thenne was he gladde And sone aftyr he was alle madde,completely dumbfounded For lyke hyr was that lady That at the mete sate hym by. With hys wyfe he was al nyght lineE3145And dyde unto hyr as was ryght. So dyde he aftyr nevyr mo And sone aftyr hit fylle so:befell The knyght hyrede hym a shype yarehired quickly And shypmen that were thare, lineE3150And lete hys armure thereyn bere,had his armor carried into it Al hys harnysse and hys gere.harnesses gear A morne ros the erle fro that lady swete, And allone in bedde hyr lete,left And to chyrche he gan farewent lineE3155For to hyre hys masse there.In order to hear And sone aftyr that anon The knyght into the toure gan gonwent And brought the lady adowne fulle sone Into hys hous as he was wone,as was his habit lineE3160And appareylyd hyr fayre iwysdressed beautifully With clothys aftyr hyr devyse,according to her desire And went anon unto hys lorde, And bade hym with mylde worde,meek words And bade hym by hys levepermission fol. 48vTo hefe hys lemman to ben wyve.have as his wife lineE3166Syr, that same fayre lady That at the mete sat hym bymeal He was in wylle to wedde hyr thanneHe wanted to wed That longe had ben hys lemman. lineE3170‘Certeys,’ quothe the erle, ‘hit ys my wylle wish Alle that you ax to fullefylle.’ask fulfill And aftyr that anon-ryghtys Aftyr hyr went two gentylle knyghtys And fette that lady to chyrche sone,fetched lineE3175As he was wonnte to done.used to do The erle toke the lady blyfgladly And gaf the knyght to hys wyf.gave as his wife The preste was there alle redypriest And spousyd the knyght and the lady. lineE3180And whenne the mas was idone,mass The knyght name the lady anonetook And lad hyr with grete solasmerry-making To havyn there the shyppe was.port Anon as they come thare,As soon as lineE3185They fonde the shyppe al yare.ready The erle anon toke by the honde Hys wyf that stode uppon the stronde,shore And bade the knyghte shulde hyr take Forto ben hys worldely make.worldly mate lineE3190The knyght of the erle toke the ladyfrom And sayde: ‘My lorde, graunt mercy.’many thanks The maryner hys shyppe gan lokemaster of the ship secure And at the erle there leve they toke,from their leave And saylyd forthe in hyr way.on their way lineE3195The erle hys wyf laste ther say,for the last time saw And worthy he ys to lesse hys playjoy That fro hym gevythe hyt away,gives fol. 49rAs the erle gaf hys wyf;gave Therefore he lad in sorowe hys lyf. led lineE3200Whanne the knyght was thys gon,thus The erle wente home anon And went into hys toure fulle ryghtdirectly Forto sene hys lady bryght,see And whenne he was in the toure an hy,high up lineE3205Al aboute he caste hys ye,cast his eyes And whanne he sawe not hys lady, He made sorowe inowe certaynely.enough He began to make reuly mon,terrible moan For sorowe he ne wyste what to done.didn’t know lineE3210To be ware too late he beganne,vigilant Therefore hym scornyd meny a man.” Tho sayde the mayster that tolde thys:Then “Syr emperoure,” quothe he iwys, “For ye farythe as dyd he:you do lineE3215Whenne thy wyfe spekythe to thee,speaks Ye levythe hyr bothe day and nyght,believe her Yee, more thenne youre owne syght.Yes indeed And I telle in goode fay,faith Ye shalle knowe tomorowe day lineE3220Ho ys gylty in thys stryffe,Who disagreement Thy sone othyr thy owne wyf.” or “That lykethe me,” quothe the emperoure,pleases me “By Godde that ys my savyoure, And whenne I wote hoo hathe the wrongeknow who lineE3225He shalle dy in dethe fulle stronge.a terrible death If he shalle speke than am I fayne,glad Thys day shalle not my sone be slayne,” “And tomorowe, syr, he shalle telle Why thy wyffe wolde hym quelle.”kill lineE3230“That wolde I see,” quothe the emperoure, “Levyr then al the worldys tresoure.”More dearly fol. 49vThe day passyd, the nyght came, And every man hys wey name,took his way The emperice made sorowe and wo lineE3235For the chylde shulde speke so.

[Day 8]

Amorowe aros the emperoure And went to chyrche with honour,in splendor And went to chyrche to hire massehear With hys lordys bothe more and lesse.greater and lesser lineE3240Alle the lordys of that contré, Of lordys and ladys grete plenté,plenty Come to chyrche that same day To hyre what the chylde wolde saye.hear Alle that myght thedyr arechereach there lineE3245Come to hyre the chyldys speche.hear And hys maysters everychoneach one Come thedyr alle at one,there together And aftyr the emperoure ys masseemperor’s mass The chylde was dyght with grete rychessedressed lineE3250And two of the maysters yarequickly Fette forthe the chylde there,Fetched then And was set alle in a fayre plas[he] was set place Ryght before the fadyrs face. He prayde to God whythe good wylle lineE3255That the pepylle moste ben stylle.might be still Thenne stode the chylde uppe anon Byfore hem everychonthem all And sayde to hys fadyr fulle reuly:piteously “For Goddys love, syr, marcy.mercy lineE3260Syr, thou myght wete, yf thou wylte,may know wish With wronge ye wolde have me spylte.would have killed me I shalle you telle withowtyn lacketruly Why that I noo rather spake:sooner For I and my maysters alle lineE3265Sawe in the mone what shulde fallemoon befall fol. 50rAnd yf I hadde erste ispoke.if sooner In grete sorowe I hadde ben loke,caught And my masters everychonall For me to dethe shulde have ben don.would have been put to death lineE3270But, syr, woundyr I have of theeI am surprised by you That thou woldyst serve soo mewanted to treat me similarly As dyde a man of wyckyde blodewicked blood That caste hys sone into the salte flodesalty sea For that he sayde that he shulde beBecause lineE3275A ryccher man than evyr was he.”ever he was The emperoure sayde: “My sone so dyre,dear Nowe wolde I thys tale hyre,hear And thy tale telle me anon As alle the maysters have don. lineE3280Eche hathe tolde hys tale for thee, For thou shuldyste isavyd be.”So that you should be saved “Certeys,” quothe the chylde, “I shalle fullefyllecomply And telle my tale at youre wylle.as you wish

[Tale 15: vaticinium, the prophesy. The prince]

Sir, sum tyme in Rome cyttéonce lineE3285Was a man of grete posté[there] Was power That hadde a sone wyse and bolde, Of fiften wynter he was olde. And apon a day hys fadyr and he Saylyd togedyr in the see;Were sailing sea lineE3290Towarde an yle they wolde wyndeisland go And ryght uppon hyr shippys endetheir Lyght two ravenys and made a crye. Alighted ravens The goode man hadde wondyr sykerly.was amazed Thenne sayde the fadyr to the sone: lineE3295‘What may be thys moche mone,racket That thys ravenys dothe thys crye?these ravens thus I ne wot what hyt may sygnyfye.’don’t know ‘No fadyr,’ sayde the chylde, iwys, ‘I wotte what hyr cryynge ys.know lineE3300For they say thus in hyr stevynlanguage fol. 50vThat thoroughe the myght of God of hevynthrough I shalle so ryche a man be,such a rich man That with youre yeen ye shalle se.eyes The whylys my hondys waschyn bene,While may hands are washed lineE3305Ye shalle be fayne to holde the bason, glad basin And my modyr, withowtyn fayle, Shalle serve me of the towele.’hand me the towel For thes wordys the fadyr was wrotheangry And hys sone was hym lothe.hateful to him lineE3310‘Sone,’ he sayde, ‘what? Shalte thouhow Be ryccher man then I am nowe? Nay, certys, that shalle not be,’ And caste hys sone into the see. Whenne the chylde was in the see flode,sea lineE3315He cryde to God with mylde mode.humble heart God hyrde that chylde and gaf hym grace,heard gave He come to londe in a fayre place, Uppon a fayre roche of stone. Four dayes mete ete he non, food ate lineE3320Mete ne drynke ne othyr thynge, But foulys he hyrde mery synge.birds heard singing merrily The foulys sayde in hir songe: ‘Chylde, thynke thee not too longe,do not wonder But Jhesu Cryste hathe hyrde the boneBecause heard your prayer lineE3325And wolle thee helpe fulle welle sone.’ Sone aftyr by that place so wylde Came a fyscher and saw the chylde,fisherman And saye the chylde, God hit wote.saw knows Anon he toke hym into hys bote boat lineE3330And ledde hym thens thirty mylethirty miles from there Unto a castelle, a welle stronge pyle,fortress And solde the chylde there so snellesold To the constabylle of the castelle.constable fol. 51rFor hym he gaf twenti poundegave lineE3335Of goode mony, hoole and sounde.whole The constabylle lovyd welle that chylde For hit was bothe meke and mylde.he meek And in that contré there was a kynge That makyd mykylle mornyngemourned greatly lineE3340For the ravenys cryde on hym ay,were always crying on him Whether he went by nyght or day. For moche woundyr hadde the kyngthe king wondered greatly What myght betokeny hyr cryyng,their And apon a day he sente hys sondeenvoys lineE3345Aftyr the wysyste man of hys londewisest To wyt of hym trewlyknow from him What betokenythe the ravenys cry.betokens The chylde bethought hym anonresolved To the kyngys corte for to goncourt lineE3350Sum maner goode there to lereto teach And the kyngys wylle to hyre.hear Whenne the lordys were icome everychone,had come each one The kynge stode hym up anon.stood ‘Lordyngys,’ he sayde, ‘I shalle telle you, lineE3355If any of you can telle me nowe, Why thys ravenys cry on me —these Nyght and day where ever I be — If any of you can telle me blythe,at once My doughter he shalle have to wyfe,as a wife lineE3360And halfe my londe by my day,in my lifetime And aftyrwarde alle, par ma fay.’by my faith The kyng hadde sayde hys wylle,[after] The king Alle the lordys stodyn fulle stylle.stood There was no man, withowte lesynge,assuredly lineE3365That couthe thereof telle the kynge.could But the chylde couthe fulle welle And bade the constabil of the castelle Gone ax the kynge anon ryght,ask fol. 51vIf he wolde holde that he hyghte.would keep promised lineE3370And he wolde telle in alle thyngwould What betokenythe the ravenys cryynge. Tho sayde the kynge: ‘By Goddys ore,Then mercy I wylle holde, and moche more He shalle have ho telle hit mewhoever tells me lineE3375What the ravenys cryynge be.’means And with that worde the chylde up stode Among hem alle with mylde modemild countenance And sayde: ‘Lordyngys everychone,all See ye the ravyn that stont alone,stands lineE3380That makythe so moche mornyng and sorowemourning Bothe in eve and in morowe? Tylle I hit to thee, syr kyng,I tell you That ys the famal, withowte lesynge.female, assuredly And also, syr, there stondythe twynetwo lineE3385Bothe togedyr, as I you seyne.say Ye seythe welle, syrys, everychone,sirs all The more crythe the lasse apone. The grete ravyn that before ys, iwys, Yonde female alone was make ys.his mate lineE3390She dwellyde with hym thirty yere,dwelled with him for thirty years The female that stondythe alone here, And that grete ravyn blacke Yonde female alone hadde forsake, That abandoned For hit was tho a dyre yere,then bad lineE3395And scars of vytayle and of stouyre.scarce food provisions The grete ravyn the femalle forsokeabandoned And the lytylle ravyn to make hyr toke,took her as his mate And in hys cryyng he saythe, per fay,in faith He wylle nevyr latte hyr awaynever leave her lineE3400Tylle the dome be gyf of theejudgment given by you Hos make that she shalle be.Whose mate Whenne they hadde hyrde youre wylle,have That ye have sayde thorowe skylle,reason fol. 52rWhyche of hem hyr shalle have,them lineE3405He wylle nomore aftyr thee crave,question you Ne nevyr more uppon thee crye, But in hyr wey they wylle flye.’on their way The kyng thorowe the baronys wyllewith consent Gaf the dome thorowe goode skylleGave reason lineE3410That she shulde ben hys fereshe should be the mate of the one That kepte hyr in the dyre yere,Who kept her bad year And sayde he shulde hyr forgohe should forgo her That wolde not kepe hyr in hyr woWho would not keep her misery Whanne the derthe was harde and felle,famine cruel lineE3415For he ne rought, forsothe to telle,didn’t care To what dethe she hadde ben brought,death might have suffered And therefore nowe he gete hyr nought.should not get her Whanne the ylder ravyn of the twoolder Herde the dome igyf was soo,judgment given lineE3420He made suche a crye anon, That they woundyrde everychone,all marveled And made sorowe, and fly away,[the older raven] Sorrowed flew That nevyr men of hym say.So that saw That othyr ravyne toke the femeleraven lineE3425And evyr aftyr they ferde wele. fared Whenne the kyng sawe alle thys, He gaf the chylde ys doughter, iwys,gave his And halfe hys kyngdome by hys day,in his lifetime And alle aftyr hym the sothe to say. lineE3430Alle the lordys hym love began, For he was so wyse a man. In shorte tyme, withowte lesynge, The chylde hym selfe was made kynge, And the fadyr that hym begatebegat lineE3435Ne hys modyr wyste not of thate,Nor his mother knew that But, as we fynde in gestys iwryte,written in stories Into suche povert they were ismete,poverty thrown For shame they fledde bothe frame home[that] For shame from And into that contrey they come, fol. 52vThere hyr sone was lorde and kynge,Where their lineE3441And there they made hyr dwellynge.their And soo the kyng lay there bysydehad his dwelling And wyste hit in a lytylle tyde, knew shortly And uppon a day he callyd hym to lineE3445Two servantys, and bade them go, And bade hem inquere aftyr a manthem That late was come into cuntré thannelately then From hys cuntreye newe there to wone,newly live That hytte Barnarde norysshe sone: lineE3450‘I wylle tomorne dyne with hym there.’dine The servantys wente bothe iferetogether And aftyr withynne a lytylle stondeshort while The goode man there they fonde, And gretyn hym with chere gladde,greeted good cheer lineE3455And tolde hym as the kyng hym bade. ‘Leve syres,’ answeryde he,Dear ‘The kyng ys welcome to me And in hert I am welle sory, For I am noo thyng redynot at all ready lineE3460To welcome my lorde the kynge For I am not at my lykynge.as I would be But suche goode as I have Hyt ys redy to hym, God me save.’ for him

Amorowe the kyng thedyr came,there lineE3465And with hys fadyr hys in he name.lodging took He and hys baronys everychoneall Wente to mete with hym anon.meet Thenne brought hys fadyr a basonbasin Of metelle bothe goode and fyne,metal lineE3470And hys modyr a fayre towayle,towel And wolde have servyd hym, samfayle,without doubt Fulle mekely at hys waschynge. But that wolde not suffer the kynge,allow And bade a servande take the towelle thare[he] bade a servant to take then fol. 53rOf the modyr that hym bare, From who had borne him lineE3476And sayde: ‘Fadyr nowe falle hit ysit has come to pass That I tollde you sum tyme, iwys,What once Whenne ye me caste into the see,threw For I sayde that I shulde be lineE3480A ryccher man than evyr ye were: I am your sone byfore you here.’ Whenne hys fadyr hyrde thysheard He was fulle sore adrad, iwys,terribly afraid For to have bene sone aslaweof being slain lineE3485Or ellys hangyde or drawe. Or hanged or drawn

“Sir,” sayde the chylde of mykylle honourgreat To hys fadyr the emperoure, “Thus me thynkythe, fadyr, by Goddys tre,it seems to me cross That ye wolde thys fare by me,wanted to do thus with me lineE3490And also lytylle gylte have Ilittle guilt As hadde the chylde, certenly, That was for hys sothe sawewords Caste into the seys wawe.waves of the sea So caste ye me thorowe tresonthrough treason lineE3495With moche wo in youre presonmisery For my goodenys and my wysdomegoodness Whenne that I fro schole come.from school But thoughe I come to grete honoure,And yet I will come Thenne ye ben my fadyr, emperoure.Because lineE3500Wene ye that ye wolde me greve?Were you planning to harm me Nay, fadyr, ye may me leve,believe me Hangyd rathyr shulde I be I would rather be hanged Ere I dede suche shame to thee.Before I did such shame to you But certys, fadyr, whenne I home come, lineE3505Youre wyf into hyr boure nometook [me] And bade I shulde lyen hyr by,lie And for I nolde, certaynly,would not She rente hyr clothys alle bydenetore to pieces fol. 53vFor encheson that I shulde weneFor the reason think lineE3510That I hadde hyr inforsyd soo. forced But certeys er I hadde soo do,before Rathyr my dethe I wolde tholeI would have suffered And to have ben brent alle to cole.”burnt entirely to charcoal

[Conclusion]

“Dame,” quothe the emperoure at o brayde,at once lineE3515“Ys hit sothe that my sone hathe sayde?” “Ye, syr,” she sayde, iwys, “Youre sone saythe noo thyng amys;amiss For certeys, syr, done youre lykynge:do as you wish On me he saythe noo lesynge, lineE3520For I me drad,” sayde she,I feared “That he shulde dystrye medestroy Whenne that he to age come,When he came of age And take fro me the emperice of Rome;empire Therefore hit was alle in my thoughtintention lineE3525Hym to dethe have ibrought.”

“Dame,” quothe the emperoure, “by Synt Martyn, And siche maner dethe shalle be thyn.such a manner of death That ordeynyste for my chylde,What [you] ordained Thou shalte have, be Mary mylde. lineE3530And for thou haste opon hym lowen,lied Thou shalt drynke as thou haste browyn.” brewed Hys lordys he callyd to hym everychonevery one An they come to hym anon.And

“Lordelyngys,” he sayde, “I commaunde you lineE3535A grete fyre that ye lete make nowehave made To brenne thereyn thys womman soo felle.so wicked For certys, she hathe hyt deservyd welle Sythe she ordaynyd syche tresonSince To sle my sone agayne reson.” lineE3540Anon they ordaynyd a fyre fulle bryghtmade ready That was bothe huge ande grete to hys syght, And bonde the ladys hondys fulle harde, fol. 54rAnd thenne cast ynne the emperyce in the mydwarde;in the middle And thys was the emperice ibrent,thus burnt lineE3545As welle worthy was by juggement. [she] well worthy And clerkys tellyd in hyr wretynge:their Of falssenys comythe evylle endynge. falseness

Ande the chylde aftyr levyde fulle longlived And lovyd evyr troughthe, and hatyd wronge,truth hated lineE3550And alle hys lyftyme with moche honourelifetime He kepte hys fadyr the emperoure.guarded And whenne that hys fadyr dede was, dead He lete make a nobylle plas,had made place And a fayre abbeye he lete begynne,be founded lineE3555And seven schore monkys brought thereyn,seven score monks (i.e., 140) And evyr more to rede and syngeread For hys fadyr, withowte lesynge. And tho was the chylde made emperourethen And kept hys londe with grete honoure. lineE3560Of al knyghtys he bare the pryshe gained preeminence And among alle men moste wys,[he was] most wise And moste he lovyde stedefastenys,fidelity In worde and dede, more and les, And therefore God gaffe hym goode lyf,gave lineE3565And brought hym fayre owte of stryf.justly difficulties Nowe have ye hyrde every manheard Of the Emperoure Deoclycyan And allso of hys fals wyfe, And howe the chylde come owte of stryffe, lineE3570And of the maysters ye have hyrde —heard The wysyste men of alle myddelle hyrthe —middle earth Howe they savyde the chylde so yongesaved Thorowe hyr wysdome and hyr connynge. And nowe ben dede the maysters seven. lineE3575Jhesu, that ys kyng of hevyn, Graunte us er we hens wendebefore we go from here fol. 54vHouselle and shryfte and goode ende,Holy Communion confession The blysse of hevyn above, Jhesu for hys modyr love.the love he bore his mother

lineE3580Amen

Expliciunt septem sapientes. Here end the Seven Sages